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AltProtein VietnamVietnam supply-side scoping study
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Chapter 4 · Part I

4. The alternative-protein economy today

Vietnam's real non-animal protein economy is incumbent: soy milk, tofu and industrial đồ chay made by meat and frozen-food processors. Most of it is low in protein, and every locally made high-protein product runs on imported textured soy or wheat gluten, mostly from China. Modern plant-based brands are nearly absent. The most advanced alternative-protein market is feed, where insect meal is already sold and Chinese microbial protein is already imported.

15 min readWhat the tags mean
On this page
  1. 4.1 The incumbent non-animal protein economy
  2. 4.2 What the shelf is made of: the September 2026 retail audit
  3. 4.3 Modern plant-based meat: nearly absent
  4. 4.4 Fermentation, algae, duckweed and cultivated meat: almost nothing yet
  5. 4.5 Feed: the most advanced alternative-protein market in Vietnam
  6. 4.6 The support ecosystem is thin
  7. 4.7 Reading the market

In one paragraph. Vietnam already eats and makes a great deal of non-animal protein, but almost none of it comes from the technologies the global alternative-protein sector talks about. The real economy is soy milk (one firm holds about 80% of it), tofu, and industrial đồ chay (traditional vegetarian food) made by meat and frozen-food processors on the same lines as meat. Our September 2026 audit of 186 products in 11 stores found that most "alt-protein" shelf products are low in protein, and that every locally made product with 10 g or more of protein per 100 g runs on imported textured soy, soy concentrate or wheat gluten, mostly from China. Modern plant-based meat brands are nearly absent. The most advanced alternative-protein market in Vietnam is animal feed, where a Vietnamese-built insect-meal plant sells to a major seafood exporter and Chinese microbial protein is already imported.

4.1 The incumbent non-animal protein economy

SegmentScale and leadersMain protein inputSources
Soy milkVinasoy (Quang Ngai Sugar): more than VND 4,100 billion of soy-milk revenue in 2024, about 80% market share; 390 million L/yr capacity (2022)Whole soybeans (imported)1,2
Tofu and tofu skinMostly artisanal; a few industrial makers (ToFu House, 150 to 500 t/month); craft villages for tàu hũ kySoybeans (mostly imported)3,4
Industrial đồ chayMeat and frozen-food processors (Vissan, CJ Foods Vietnam with Cau Tre and bibigo, SG Food, Cholimex), specialists (An Nhien, Au Lac, Thoai An, LC Foods), retailer private labelsMung bean, vegetables and starch; or imported TVP, soy concentrate and wheat gluten5,6,7
Plant milks and yoghurtsVinamilk (12 plant-milk products, several blended with cow's milk), TH true NUT (contains fresh milk), Nutifood, Vinasoy's Veyo; imports such as 137 Degrees (Thailand) and OatsideImported soybeans, oats, nuts; imported pea protein in high-protein lines8,9,7
MicroalgaeSmall spirulina producers selling health supplementsSpirulina10,11

This incumbent economy operates under existing food law without difficulty (Rules). It is also the natural first customer for any new protein ingredient made in Vietnam.

4.2 What the shelf is made of: the September 2026 retail audit

AltProtein Vietnam logged 186 products (SKUs) in 11 modern and premium stores in Nha Trang (6 September 2026) and Ho Chi Minh City (16 and 20 September 2026), with ingredient lists for 120 and protein values for 78 7. It is a convenience sample, not a market survey: no wet markets, dedicated chay shops, online-only brands or food service. Full method and tables are in D. Retail formulation audit.

Most of the shelf is not a protein product. The two largest groups are plant milks (27% of SKUs) and filled wrappers such as spring rolls, dumplings and buns (25%). Across 43 unique ready-to-eat or ready-to-cook foods with a label value, median protein is 4.7 g per 100 g; 53% have under 5 g and only 16% reach 10 g 7 .

Two tiers, little in between.

  • Tier 1: starch-and-vegetable filled wrappers with mung bean filling, 1.5 to 5.7 g protein per 100 g (median 4.0 g). CJ's current há cảo chay and chả giò rế chay labels list no soy protein at all; mung bean is the only protein ingredient 12,7 .
  • Tier 2: gluten- or TVP-based analogues at 12 to 25 g per 100 g hydrated (median 19 g), and dried TVP or gluten slices at 53 to 67 g as sold 7 .

Most products on the "alternative protein" shelf are low in protein

Median label protein, g per 100 g, by product archetype (186 SKUs, 11 stores, September 2026)

Most products on the "alternative protein" shelf are low in proteinDot plot: filled wrappers, plant milks and seafood gels sit below 5 g of protein per 100 g; hydrated TVP and gluten analogues reach 12 to 25 g; dried slices 53 to 67 g as sold.MedianLowest to highestDot size: products with a protein value (1 to 14)010203040506070Label protein, g per 100 g10 g per 100 gOverall median 4.7 gdry TVP/gluten slices and chunks (53 to 67g as sold)dry TVP/gluten slices and chunks (53 to 67 g as sold): median 64 g protein per 100 g Range: 53.3 to 66.7 g Products with a protein value: 5 SKUs: 8 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 64,583.564 gprotein powder (41 to 58 g)protein powder (41 to 58 g): median 47 g protein per 100 g Range: 41.2 to 58.3 g Products with a protein value: 4 SKUs: 4 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 359,53747 ghydrated TVP/gluten analog (12 to 25 g)hydrated TVP/gluten analog (12 to 25 g): median 19 g protein per 100 g Range: 12 to 25.1 g Products with a protein value: 5 SKUs: 10 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 111,584.519 gimported premium SPC/SPI analog (15 to16 g)imported premium SPC/SPI analog (15 to 16 g): median 15.5 g protein per 100 g Range: 15 to 16 g Products with a protein value: 2 SKUs: 2 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 581,97615.5 glegume patty or spread (chickpea, 9 g)legume patty or spread (chickpea, 9 g): median 9 g protein per 100 g Range: 9 g Products with a protein value: 2 SKUs: 3 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 447,811.59 gcanned soy luncheon/stew (4.5 to 9 g)canned soy luncheon/stew (4.5 to 9 g): median 6.79 g protein per 100 g Range: 4.5 to 9.08 g Products with a protein value: 2 SKUs: 9 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 321,1036.79 gwheat-dough bun / wheat-wrapper dimsum(5 to 7 g, wheat-led)wheat-dough bun / wheat-wrapper dimsum (5 to 7 g, wheat-led): median 5.74 g protein per 100 g Range: 5 to 6.3 g Products with a protein value: 5 SKUs: 11 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 262,5005.74 gpea-protein-fortified plant milk (5 g)pea-protein-fortified plant milk (5 g): median 5 g protein per 100 g Range: 5 g Products with a protein value: 2 SKUs: 2 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 174,305.55 gtofu (3.8 to 9.3 g)tofu (3.8 to 9.3 g): median 4.98 g protein per 100 g Range: 3.8 to 9.3 g Products with a protein value: 5 SKUs: 8 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 66,2654.98 grice-based ready meal (about 4 g)rice-based ready meal (about 4 g): median 4.2 g protein per 100 g Range: 4.2 g Products with a protein value: 1 SKUs: 3 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 383,3334.2 gstarch-and-vegetable filled wrapper (<5 g)starch-and-vegetable filled wrapper (<5 g): median 3.95 g protein per 100 g Range: 1.53 to 5.7 g Products with a protein value: 14 SKUs: 38 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 368,5483.95 ggel/emulsion seafood analog (about 3 g)gel/emulsion seafood analog (about 3 g): median 3.015 g protein per 100 g Range: 3 to 3.03 g Products with a protein value: 2 SKUs: 4 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 288,4493.015 gcultured/set nut, coconut or pea-oatproductcultured/set nut, coconut or pea-oat product: median 2.93 g protein per 100 g Range: 1.6 to 9.7 g Products with a protein value: 5 SKUs: 14 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 572,8622.93 gsoy beverage (1.3 to 2.5 g)soy beverage (1.3 to 2.5 g): median 2.25 g protein per 100 g Range: 1.3 to 2.5 g Products with a protein value: 6 SKUs: 14 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 91,6672.25 gcereal/nut beverage (<1.5 g)cereal/nut beverage (<1.5 g): median 1.05 g protein per 100 g Range: 0.7 to 1.1 g Products with a protein value: 6 SKUs: 32 Median VND per 100 g of protein: 890,9091.05 g

Source: 7

Show dataHide data
Most products on the "alternative protein" shelf are low in protein
ArchetypeProducts with a protein valueMedian (g per 100 g)Lowest (g)Highest (g)SKUsMedian VND per 100 g of protein
dry TVP/gluten slices and chunks (53 to 67 g as sold)56453.366.7864,583.5
protein powder (41 to 58 g)44741.258.34359,537
hydrated TVP/gluten analog (12 to 25 g)5191225.110111,584.5
imported premium SPC/SPI analog (15 to 16 g)215.515162581,976
legume patty or spread (chickpea, 9 g)29993447,811.5
canned soy luncheon/stew (4.5 to 9 g)26.794.59.089321,103
wheat-dough bun / wheat-wrapper dimsum (5 to 7 g, wheat-led)55.7456.311262,500
pea-protein-fortified plant milk (5 g)25552174,305.5
tofu (3.8 to 9.3 g)54.983.89.3866,265
rice-based ready meal (about 4 g)14.24.24.23383,333
starch-and-vegetable filled wrapper (<5 g)143.951.535.738368,548
gel/emulsion seafood analog (about 3 g)23.01533.034288,449
cultured/set nut, coconut or pea-oat product52.931.69.714572,862
soy beverage (1.3 to 2.5 g)62.251.32.51491,667
cereal/nut beverage (<1.5 g)61.050.71.132890,909

High protein means imported protein. All 10 locally made products with 10 g or more protein per 100 g use soy protein, TVP, soy concentrate or wheat gluten. Local foods whose main protein is domestic (mung bean, rice, vegetables) top out at 4.6 g 7 . Of the 170 SKUs whose main protein ingredient could be identified, 77% rely on an imported protein ingredient and a further 11% partly do (soybeans count as imported, since about 98% are) 7,13 .

China supplies most of the concentrated ingredients. China reported exporting to Vietnam in 2023 about 7,957 t of protein concentrates and textured protein (HS 2106.10), 10,028 t of protein substances including soy isolate (HS 3504) and 10,338 t of wheat gluten, at about USD 1.6 to 1.7 per kg 14,15,16 . Vietnam-reported quantities for these codes are estimated by the database and should not be used; values are more reliable (for example USD 31.1 million of wheat gluten imported in 2023) 17 . These codes also supply meat processors (for sausages and giò chả), so they are not a measure of the alternative-protein market.

No domestic TVP. We found no commercial TVP extrusion in Vietnam, and the country's soybean crushing is feed-grade only (Industrial base) 18,19,20 .

Price per gram of protein. Protein is cheapest in the least processed formats: tofu (median about VND 66,000 per 100 g of protein) and dried TVP slices (median about VND 65,000), then hydrated gluten or TVP analogues (median about VND 112,000). Filled wrappers cost a median of about VND 369,000 per 100 g of protein. The only imported "modern" analogues on shelf (an Italian soy burger and sausage) cost VND 542,000 to 622,000 per 100 g of protein, about five times local gluten or TVP analogues 7 . For comparison, eggs and chicken breast retail at about VND 34,000 to 46,000 per 100 g of protein 21,22 .

Price per 100 g of protein, shelf products against meat and eggs

Median VND per 100 g of protein by product type (retail audit) with reference ranges for eggs, chicken and pork

Price per 100 g of protein, shelf products against meat and eggsLog-scale bars: tofu and dried TVP deliver protein at about 64,000 to 66,000 VND per 100 g, near meat; filled wrappers, plant milks and vegan cheese cost 5 to 13 times more per gram of protein.Median price per 100 g of proteinLowest to highest productMeat and egg reference ranges20,00050,000100,000200,000500,0001,000,0002,000,000VND per 100 g of protein (log scale)Eggs: VND 34,000 to 40,000 per 100 g of proteinEggsChicken breast: VND 39,500 to 45,500 per 100 g of proteinChicken breastLean pork: VND 63,000 to 69,500 per 100 g of proteinLean porkdried TVP/soy chunksdried TVP/soy chunks: median VND 64,584 per 100 g of protein Range: VND 48,976 to 85,053 Products: 464,584tofutofu: median VND 66,265 per 100 g of protein Range: VND 39,171 to 121,053 Products: 566,265frozen meat/seafood analogfrozen meat/seafood analog: median VND 278,667 per 100 g of protein Range: VND 65,990 to 621,528 Products: 9278,667ready mealready meal: median VND 297,619 per 100 g of protein Range: VND 290,476 to 383,333 Products: 3297,619canned analogcanned analog: median VND 321,103 per 100 g of protein Range: VND 223,704 to 418,502 Products: 2321,103protein powderprotein powder: median VND 359,537 per 100 g of protein Range: VND 343,029 to 365,634 Products: 4359,537dumpling/spring roll/bun withvegetable fillingdumpling/spring roll/bun with vegetable filling: median VND 368,798 per 100 g of protein Range: VND 155,556 to 1,727,642 Products: 18368,798otherother: median VND 447,812 per 100 g of protein Range: VND 370,370 to 525,253 Products: 2447,812plant milkplant milk: median VND 456,250 per 100 g of protein Range: VND 91,660 to 1,444,444 Products: 8456,250plant yogurt/creamerplant yogurt/creamer: median VND 534,210 per 100 g of protein Range: VND 510,526 to 628,125 Products: 6534,210vegan cheese/spreadvegan cheese/spread: median VND 875,797 per 100 g of protein Range: VND 859,107 to 892,487 Products: 2875,797

Sources: 7,21,22,23

Show dataHide data
Price per 100 g of protein, shelf products against meat and eggs
Product typeProductsMedian VND per 100 g of proteinLowest (VND)Highest (VND)
dried TVP/soy chunks464,58448,97685,053
tofu566,26539,171121,053
frozen meat/seafood analog9278,66765,990621,528
ready meal3297,619290,476383,333
canned analog2321,103223,704418,502
protein powder4359,537343,029365,634
dumpling/spring roll/bun with vegetable filling18368,798155,5561,727,642
other2447,812370,370525,253
plant milk8456,25091,6601,444,444
plant yogurt/creamer6534,210510,526628,125
vegan cheese/spread2875,797859,107892,487

Chay versus meat. In the one high-confidence same-brand pair, Vissan's chả giò rế chay cost 38% less per 100 g than Vissan's meat version 7 . Other pairs rest on low-confidence price reads. Because most chay wrappers hold 3 to 5 g of protein, a cheaper pack is not cheaper protein. The audit did not capture protein values for the meat equivalents, so price per gram of protein cannot yet be compared.

Other supply-side observations.

  • "Chay" is not the same as vegan: five SKU rows contain or may contain egg or dairy 7 .
  • Korean-owned CJ Foods Vietnam accounts for 20 of 186 rows; imported finished products are concentrated in premium stores, while mass retailers carry almost only Vietnamese-made products 7 .
  • No label showed high-moisture extrusion, mycoprotein, precision-fermented or cultivated ingredients. Fermentation appears only in plant yoghurts and cultured cashew cheeses 7 .

What this means for supply. The largest concrete gap visible on Vietnamese shelves is a domestic protein ingredient: textured soy or soy-gluten granules and slices, and a protein that can lift the 4 g-protein wrapper category. The natural first customers are named in Plays and D. Retail formulation audit.

4.3 Modern plant-based meat: nearly absent

  • The Mintel launch database, as reported by GFI APAC, logged no plant-based meat launches in Vietnam from 2022 to the second quarter of 2023 24 .
  • GFI's global company database lists only two Vietnamese companies, both plant-based, founded in 2019 and 2023 25 .
  • Imported brands arrived through restaurants and gourmet shops, not mass retail: Beyond Burger at BiaCraft in Ho Chi Minh City in August 2019; OmniFoods on a Starbucks Vietnam menu in summer 2023; Next Meats, Heura and others through gourmet importers 26,27,28 . No brand announced a formal national entry, so there were no formal exits either.
  • The only products labelled "Plant Based" in mass retail were Chinese canned soy luncheon meats, at about three times the price per 100 g of Vissan's Vietnamese canned chay beef 7,29 .
  • Domestic startups are few and small: Emmay (Ho Chi Minh City, mushroom and mycelium products, about 1.5 to 2 t a month in 2023), Kashew (cultured cashew cheese, 2020), Ong Tempeh, and a handful of others with no confirmed current scale 30,31,32,33 .
  • Published market-size figures for Vietnamese plant-based meat ("about VND 1,000 billion", "USD 500 million within several years") give no traceable method and should not be used 34,35,36 .

4.4 Fermentation, algae, duckweed and cultivated meat: almost nothing yet

  • Fermentation for food. We found no Vietnamese company making koji protein, mycoprotein or precision-fermented ingredients. Tempeh (Ong Tempeh, which also sells Rhizopus starter) is the only commercially made fungal-fermented protein food we could verify 33 .
  • Microalgae and duckweed. Spirulina is small and sold as a supplement; one source claims more than 70% of spirulina products sold in Vietnam are imported 10 . No commercial duckweed producer was found 37 .
  • Cultivated meat and seafood. Vietnam has no cultivated-meat company or facility. The links are corporate and outward:
    • Vinh Hoan (the pangasius exporter) took minority stakes in Avant Meats and in Shiok Meats' 2021 round 38,39 .
    • Minh Phu (shrimp) signed a memorandum with Shiok Meats in July 2022 for a joint R&D centre in Vietnam; we found no sign it went further, and Shiok's assets were absorbed by UMAMI Bioworks in 2024, whose partner list names no Vietnamese firm 40,41,42,43 .
    • VinaCapital Ventures invested in Korea's INNOHAS (plant-based meat) in July 2024 to help it enter Vietnam; INNOHAS shows no Vietnam activity two years later 44,45 .

4.5 Feed: the most advanced alternative-protein market in Vietnam

ActorWhatScale and statusSources
Entobel (Singapore holding; plants in Vietnam)Black soldier fly larvae meal (H-Meal, at least 53% crude protein), oil, frass1,000 t/yr in Dong Nai (2019); 10,000 t/yr in Ho Chi Minh City (former Ba Ria-Vung Tau), opened 23 November 2023; Heineken Vietnam by-products as feedstock; more than 200 staff. Output not disclosed.46,47,48,49,50
Vinh Hoan offtakeAt least 15,000 t of Entobel insect protein over 2025 to 2027 (about 5,000 t a year)Signed February 202451
Skretting Vietnam (Nutreco)Commercial shrimp feed containing Entobel insect meal, described as the first in VietnamFrom November 2025; inclusion and volume not disclosed52
Cricket OneCricket farming and processing, Dong Nai (former Binh Phuoc)1,000 t/yr processing capacity claimed (2023); last evidence of activity October 202453,54
Chinese microbial protein (imported by CK Vietnam / V-Group)Bacterial biomass from glutamic-acid (MSG) fermentation, at least 70% crude protein, sold as "Mycoprotein"For pig, poultry, fish and shrimp feed; price not published55,56
Western single-cell protein (FeedKind, Unibio)Methanotroph bacterial proteinNot found in Vietnam; covered in Vietnamese media as a global trend57,58
Functional yeast productsYeast derivatives trialled in shrimpTrials at ShrimpVet (Ho Chi Minh City)59

Two lessons stand out. First, a Vietnamese novel-protein-into-feed business already exists, built with local private equity, development finance and a seafood exporter's offtake (see Capital). Every new feed protein will be benchmarked against it. Second, the import counterfactual is already here: Chinese microbial protein, a by-product of amino-acid fermentation, is sold into Vietnamese feed today. A Vietnamese single-cell protein would compete with it, not only with fishmeal.

4.6 The support ecosystem is thin

GFI APAC includes Vietnam in regional consumer surveys but has no Vietnam-specific programme 60,61 . GFI's database lists no Vietnamese research actors 25 . The support we found for founders was generic (for example, women-entrepreneur programmes that backed Emmay) 31,62 . We did not verify the activity of NGOs, vegetarian associations or plant-based events in Vietnam; this is a gap, not a finding of absence (see Unknowns).

Alternative protein in and around Vietnam: a timeline

Company, capital, rule and regional events

Alternative protein in and around Vietnam: a timelineTimeline of events from 2019 to 2026, including Entobel's plants and financing, the 2025 administrative reforms, the GMO decree and the Food Safety Law revision.Company, capital and market eventsVietnamese rules in force (milestones)19762000201920202021202220232024202520262027Plant-based meat2016: Yukino Foods claims to be first plant-based meat brand in VN Actors: Yukino Foods Significance: Earliest claimed modern plant-based brand2018: Cay De Food begins VMEAT plant-based meat R&D (VND 3 bn over 2 years) Actors: Cay De Food (VMEAT) Significance: Early domestic modern plant-based venture2019-06: OmniPork Asian expansion roadmap (SG, TW, TH, CN) excludes Vietnam; ASF in VN cited as opportunity Actors: OmniFoods (Green Monday) Significance: VN not a priority market for regional brands2019-08-17: BiaCraft introduces Beyond Burger in 3 HCMC venues, claiming first in VN Actors: BiaCraft; Beyond Meat Significance: First documented modern imported plant-based meat in VN HoReCa2022-06/07: Press estimates VN plant-based meat market at about VND 1,000 bn Actors: (press, unnamed source) Significance: Only VN market-size figure found; basis unknown2023 (summer): OmniFoods runs plant-based menu items at Starbucks Vietnam Actors: OmniFoods; Starbucks Vietnam Significance: Largest documented modern plant-based meat exposure in VN2024-03-01: Press cites VN plant-based market projection of USD 500 m 'within several years' (source unnamed) Actors: (press) Significance: Illustrates unreliable market-size claims2024-07-02: VinaCapital Ventures invests in Korean plant-based startup INNOHAS, which plans VN and SE Asia products Actors: VinaCapital Ventures; INNOHAS Significance: Only VN VC alt-protein deal foundPlant-based dairy2013-05: Vinasoy Bac Ninh plant phase 1 (90 m L/yr) completed Actors: Vinasoy (QNS) Significance: Scale-up of soy milk in north VN2014-12: Vinasoy soy milk market share reported at 82.7% Actors: Vinasoy Significance: Dominance of one firm in the largest plant-protein food category2015-08: Vinasoy Bac Ninh phase 2 completed; combined 180 m L/yr; over VND 1,280 bn invested Actors: Vinasoy (QNS) Significance: Largest documented plant-protein food capex in VN2018-03-17: TH launches TH true NUT nut milks (with fresh cow milk and dates) Actors: TH Group Significance: Premium hybrid nut-milk category opened2020: Kashew Cheese founded (HCMC); Is It Meat? founded; Bien Phuong enters plant-based seafood (mid-2020) Actors: Kashew; Is It Meat?; Bien Phuong Significance: COVID-era wave of micro-startups2022-11/12: Oatside launches in HCMC at coffee events (20,000 samples) Actors: Oatside Significance: Regional oat-milk entrant; made in Indonesia2025-02-27: Vinasoy 2024 soy milk revenue > VND 4,100 bn, about 80% share; VN imported 2.2 Mt soybeans in 2024 Actors: Vinasoy; QNS Significance: Scale of largest plant-protein food business2026 (Q1): Vinamilk reports double-digit growth in nut milk Actors: Vinamilk Significance: Plant milk still growing in 20262026-03-30 to 04-04: Oatside Vietnam 'Chief Milk Officer' fake job campaign draws backlash Actors: Oatside Significance: Shows active marketing spend by foreign plant-milk brand in VNTraditional chayindustrial1999: CJ Group enters Vietnam food market Actors: CJ Foods Vietnam Significance: Korean owner of Cau Tre and bibigo chay lines2005: Thoai An founded (Tan Tao IP, HCMC); later a chay seafood-analogue specialist Actors: Thoai An Significance: Example of SME industrial do chay2014: An Nhien Foods (Pham Gia Phat) founded, HCMC; Dai Viet spirulina project launched Actors: An Nhien Foods; Dai Viet Spirulina2026-08-27: VISSAN launches ha cao chay and hoanh thanh chay (chay dumplings, wontons) Actors: VISSAN Significance: Incumbent meat processor extends chay rangeMushroom/mycelium2017: Emmay formalised as a company (HCMC); VAST transfers spirulina technology to VN Vastcom (Nghe An) Actors: Emmay; VN Vastcom; VAST Significance: First mycelium-based VN brand; public-to-private algae tech transfer2023 (Q3): Emmay starts exports (UK, Australia, India, Netherlands) after ADB #SheExports accelerator Actors: Emmay; ADB; We-Fi; WISE Significance: First VN mycelium-food exports (claimed)Microalgae1976: Site at Vinh Hao (Tuy Phong, former Binh Thuan) chosen for spirulina culture; technology transferred 1979 Actors: Prof. Nguyen Huu Thuoc; Institute of Biology; Vinh Hao Significance: Oldest continuous non-animal protein biomass production in VN2008: Spirulina Vinh Hao JSC established Actors: Spirulina Vinh Hao JSC Significance: Corporatisation of VN's pioneer spirulina site2013: Vinh Hao spirulina output reported at nearly 17 t/yr Actors: Spirulina Vinh Hao JSC Significance: Only published output figure for the largest VN spirulina site; now 13 years old2019: Dai Viet spirulina main facility completed (Lang Son, Thanh Hoa; 50,000 m2 claimed) Actors: Dai Viet Spirulina Significance: Largest claimed spirulina area in VN2023-07: VN Vastcom reports about 2 ha spirulina, about 5 t dry/yr; >70% of spirulina products in VN said to be imported Actors: VN Vastcom Significance: Scale reference for domestic microalgaeFeed SCP/yeast2023-12-20: VN aquaculture magazine reports single-cell protein as an emerging aquafeed ingredient; no VN supplier named Actors: Tap chi Thuy san Viet Nam Significance: SCP enters VN feed-trade discourse2025-05-12: VN aquaculture magazine features Unibio Uniprotein (methane SCP); no VN supply or trial Actors: Unibio Significance: Western SCP still marketing-stage in VNInsect (benchmark)c.2016: Cricket One founded (Binh Phuoc, now Dong Nai) Actors: Cricket One Significance: First VN insect-protein exporter2019: Entobel's first VN plant (Dong Nai, 1,000 t/yr insect meal) operational Actors: Entobel Significance: First industrial insect-protein plant in VN2020-11-23: Cricket One raises 7-figure USD pre-Series A (lead Corecam Capital) and launches cricket patties Actors: Cricket One; Corecam Capital; Masik Enterprises Significance: First disclosed VC round in VN alt protein2022: Entobel Series B: Mekong Capital USD 25 m, Dragon Capital USD 5 m Actors: Entobel; Mekong Capital; Dragon Capital Significance: Largest alt-protein financing in VN to date2023-02-23: IFC board approves USD 2.5 m for Entobel 10,000 t/yr plant (project cost USD 32.5 m) Actors: IFC; Entobel Significance: DFI validation of insect feed protein in VN2023-10-02: Cricket One closes 7-figure USD Series A (Robert Alexander Stone, Cub Capital) and opens 1,000 t/yr processing plant (target 10,000 t in 5 yrs) Actors: Cricket One Significance: Largest cricket processing facility claimed in Asia2023-11-23: Entobel opens 10,000 t/yr BSF plant (Vung Tau, now HCMC) using HEINEKEN Vietnam by-products; 150 jobs Actors: Entobel; HEINEKEN Vietnam Significance: Largest alternative-protein production asset in VN2024-02-23: Vinh Hoan agrees to buy at least 15,000 t insect protein from Entobel over 2025-2027 Actors: Vinh Hoan; Entobel Significance: Offtake proves VN feed buyers will contract novel protein2024-10-24: Cricket One reports about 150 t live crickets/month, 4 farms + about 20 satellite farms Actors: Cricket One Significance: Last evidence of activity found2026 (by): Entobel has >200 staff, 12x capacity vs 2022, prepares Indonesia expansion Actors: Entobel; Mekong Capital Significance: VN used as base for regional scale-upCultivated2021-01-25: Vinh Hoan acquires Vinh Technology Pte Ltd, holder of a minority stake in Avant (cultivated fish) Actors: Vinh Hoan; Avant Significance: First VN corporate investment in cultivated seafood2021 (reported 2021-08-18): Vinh Hoan joins Shiok Meats Series B (about USD 18 m round) with CJ CheilJedang and others Actors: Vinh Hoan; Shiok Meats Significance: VN seafood exporter as strategic investor in cultivated shrimp2022-07-27: Shiok Meats and Minh Phu sign MOU for joint cultivated-shrimp R&D centre and feasibility of a VN plant Actors: Shiok Meats; Minh Phu Significance: Only cultivated facility ever proposed for VN2024-03-12: UMAMI Bioworks acquires Shiok Meats' assets (stock deal) Actors: UMAMI Bioworks; Shiok Meats Significance: Minh Phu MOU counterparty ceases to exist as independent firmIngredient supplier2020-12-25: Xuan Hong (Tay Ninh) cassava starch plant (100 t/day) caught bypassing wastewater treatment Actors: Xuan Hong Food Processing Significance: Corrects prior lead that listed Xuan Hong as a chay makerOther2023-10: GFI APAC state-of-industry report: Mintel GNPD logged no plant-based meat launches in Vietnam (2022 to Q2 2023) Actors: GFI APAC Significance: Independent signal that modern branded plant-based meat is near-absent in VN retail2025-07-01: Provincial merger (63 to 34) changes locations of many actors (e.g. Ba Ria-Vung Tau and Binh Duong into HCMC; Binh Phuoc into Dong Nai; Long An into Tay Ninh; Binh Thuan into Lam Dong) Actors: Government of Vietnam Significance: Location naming in all directories2026-09-06: AltProtein Vietnam retail audit in Nha Trang: large frozen chay sections; no modern branded meat analogues; Chinese canned 'Plant Based' soy luncheon meat on shelf Actors: AltProtein Vietnam; Lotte Mart; Co.opmart Significance: Primary shelf evidenceRules in force (Vietnam)2025-03-01: New Government structure: 14 ministries and 3 ministerial-level agencies; MAE, merged MOST, merged MOF operate Instrument: Resolution 176/2025/QH15 (18 Feb 2025); Decrees 29, 35, 40, 42, 55/2025 Relevance: Changes which agency owns feed, food safety, biotech, standards and tax incentives2025-04-15: Revised Power Development Plan 8 approved: non-hydro renewables 28-36% of generation by 2030, 74-75% by 2050; nuclear 4.0-6.4 GW in 2030-2035 Instrument: Decision 768/QD-TTg Relevance: Grid carbon intensity and power price path for fermentation and drying loads2025-06-12: National Assembly adopts provincial merger resolution; district level to end 1 Jul 2025 (Party Resolution 60-NQ/TW, 12 Apr 2025) Instrument: Resolution 202/2025/QH15 Relevance: Legal basis for 34-unit map2025-10-01: Law on Science, Technology and Innovation takes effect (controlled testing sandbox Arts 21-23; research risk acceptance) Instrument: Law 93/2025/QH15 (27 Jun 2025) Relevance: Only general legal basis found for a supervised novel-food pilot2025-10-01: New Corporate Income Tax Law takes effect (applies to 2025 tax period); 10% for 15 years for high-tech and S&T firms Instrument: Law 67/2025/QH15 (14 Jun 2025); Decree 320/2025/ND-CP Relevance: Tax incentive for fermentation plants that obtain high-tech status2026-01-01: Circular on biofuel blending roadmap takes effect Instrument: Circular 50/2025/TT-BCT (7 Nov 2025) Relevance: Creates structural ethanol demand for cassava2026-01-01: Amended Law on Environmental Protection / Biodiversity provisions (gene-edited organism definition; genetic-resource access permits) take effect Instrument: Law 146/2025/QH15 Relevance: ABS and biosafety for isolated microbes and gene-edited strains2026-06-01: E10 gasoline mandatory nationwide for gasoline engines; E5 RON92 may continue to 31 Dec 2030 Instrument: Circular 50/2025/TT-BCT Art on roadmap Relevance: New competing buyer for cassava roots and chips; affects pulp availability and price2026-07-01: New priority high-tech list and strategic technology list take effect (recombinant proteins, synthetic biology, new-generation microbial technology listed) Instrument: Decision 23/2026/QD-TTg (15 May 2026); Decision 21/2026/QD-TTg (30 Apr 2026) Relevance: Precision fermentation and microbial products can qualify for high-tech incentivesBefore 2019 the axis is compressed. Each dot is one event; hover or open the data table for details.

Evidence:

Show dataHide data
Alternative protein in and around Vietnam: a timeline
DateCategoryEventActors or instrumentSignificance or relevance
1976MicroalgaeSite at Vinh Hao (Tuy Phong, former Binh Thuan) chosen for spirulina culture; technology transferred 1979Prof. Nguyen Huu Thuoc; Institute of Biology; Vinh HaoOldest continuous non-animal protein biomass production in VN
1999Traditional chay industrialCJ Group enters Vietnam food marketCJ Foods VietnamKorean owner of Cau Tre and bibigo chay lines
2005Traditional chay industrialThoai An founded (Tan Tao IP, HCMC); later a chay seafood-analogue specialistThoai AnExample of SME industrial do chay
2008MicroalgaeSpirulina Vinh Hao JSC establishedSpirulina Vinh Hao JSCCorporatisation of VN's pioneer spirulina site
2013-05Plant-based dairyVinasoy Bac Ninh plant phase 1 (90 m L/yr) completedVinasoy (QNS)Scale-up of soy milk in north VN
2013MicroalgaeVinh Hao spirulina output reported at nearly 17 t/yrSpirulina Vinh Hao JSCOnly published output figure for the largest VN spirulina site; now 13 years old
2014Traditional chay industrialAn Nhien Foods (Pham Gia Phat) founded, HCMC; Dai Viet spirulina project launchedAn Nhien Foods; Dai Viet Spirulina
2014-12Plant-based dairyVinasoy soy milk market share reported at 82.7%VinasoyDominance of one firm in the largest plant-protein food category
2015-08Plant-based dairyVinasoy Bac Ninh phase 2 completed; combined 180 m L/yr; over VND 1,280 bn investedVinasoy (QNS)Largest documented plant-protein food capex in VN
c.2016Insect (benchmark)Cricket One founded (Binh Phuoc, now Dong Nai)Cricket OneFirst VN insect-protein exporter
2016Plant-based meatYukino Foods claims to be first plant-based meat brand in VNYukino FoodsEarliest claimed modern plant-based brand
2017Mushroom/myceliumEmmay formalised as a company (HCMC); VAST transfers spirulina technology to VN Vastcom (Nghe An)Emmay; VN Vastcom; VASTFirst mycelium-based VN brand; public-to-private algae tech transfer
2018-03-17Plant-based dairyTH launches TH true NUT nut milks (with fresh cow milk and dates)TH GroupPremium hybrid nut-milk category opened
2018Plant-based meatCay De Food begins VMEAT plant-based meat R&D (VND 3 bn over 2 years)Cay De Food (VMEAT)Early domestic modern plant-based venture
2019-06Plant-based meatOmniPork Asian expansion roadmap (SG, TW, TH, CN) excludes Vietnam; ASF in VN cited as opportunityOmniFoods (Green Monday)VN not a priority market for regional brands
2019Insect (benchmark)Entobel's first VN plant (Dong Nai, 1,000 t/yr insect meal) operationalEntobelFirst industrial insect-protein plant in VN
2019MicroalgaeDai Viet spirulina main facility completed (Lang Son, Thanh Hoa; 50,000 m2 claimed)Dai Viet SpirulinaLargest claimed spirulina area in VN
2019-08-17Plant-based meatBiaCraft introduces Beyond Burger in 3 HCMC venues, claiming first in VNBiaCraft; Beyond MeatFirst documented modern imported plant-based meat in VN HoReCa
2020Plant-based dairyKashew Cheese founded (HCMC); Is It Meat? founded; Bien Phuong enters plant-based seafood (mid-2020)Kashew; Is It Meat?; Bien PhuongCOVID-era wave of micro-startups
2020-11-23Insect (benchmark)Cricket One raises 7-figure USD pre-Series A (lead Corecam Capital) and launches cricket pattiesCricket One; Corecam Capital; Masik EnterprisesFirst disclosed VC round in VN alt protein
2020-12-25Ingredient supplierXuan Hong (Tay Ninh) cassava starch plant (100 t/day) caught bypassing wastewater treatmentXuan Hong Food ProcessingCorrects prior lead that listed Xuan Hong as a chay maker
2021-01-25CultivatedVinh Hoan acquires Vinh Technology Pte Ltd, holder of a minority stake in Avant (cultivated fish)Vinh Hoan; AvantFirst VN corporate investment in cultivated seafood
2021 (reported 2021-08-18)CultivatedVinh Hoan joins Shiok Meats Series B (about USD 18 m round) with CJ CheilJedang and othersVinh Hoan; Shiok MeatsVN seafood exporter as strategic investor in cultivated shrimp
2022-06/07Plant-based meatPress estimates VN plant-based meat market at about VND 1,000 bn(press, unnamed source)Only VN market-size figure found; basis unknown
2022Insect (benchmark)Entobel Series B: Mekong Capital USD 25 m, Dragon Capital USD 5 mEntobel; Mekong Capital; Dragon CapitalLargest alt-protein financing in VN to date
2022-07-27CultivatedShiok Meats and Minh Phu sign MOU for joint cultivated-shrimp R&D centre and feasibility of a VN plantShiok Meats; Minh PhuOnly cultivated facility ever proposed for VN
2022-11/12Plant-based dairyOatside launches in HCMC at coffee events (20,000 samples)OatsideRegional oat-milk entrant; made in Indonesia
2023-02-23Insect (benchmark)IFC board approves USD 2.5 m for Entobel 10,000 t/yr plant (project cost USD 32.5 m)IFC; EntobelDFI validation of insect feed protein in VN
2023 (summer)Plant-based meatOmniFoods runs plant-based menu items at Starbucks VietnamOmniFoods; Starbucks VietnamLargest documented modern plant-based meat exposure in VN
2023-07MicroalgaeVN Vastcom reports about 2 ha spirulina, about 5 t dry/yr; >70% of spirulina products in VN said to be importedVN VastcomScale reference for domestic microalgae
2023 (Q3)Mushroom/myceliumEmmay starts exports (UK, Australia, India, Netherlands) after ADB #SheExports acceleratorEmmay; ADB; We-Fi; WISEFirst VN mycelium-food exports (claimed)
2023-10-02Insect (benchmark)Cricket One closes 7-figure USD Series A (Robert Alexander Stone, Cub Capital) and opens 1,000 t/yr processing plant (target 10,000 t in 5 yrs)Cricket OneLargest cricket processing facility claimed in Asia
2023-10OtherGFI APAC state-of-industry report: Mintel GNPD logged no plant-based meat launches in Vietnam (2022 to Q2 2023)GFI APACIndependent signal that modern branded plant-based meat is near-absent in VN retail
2023-11-23Insect (benchmark)Entobel opens 10,000 t/yr BSF plant (Vung Tau, now HCMC) using HEINEKEN Vietnam by-products; 150 jobsEntobel; HEINEKEN VietnamLargest alternative-protein production asset in VN
2023-12-20Feed SCP/yeastVN aquaculture magazine reports single-cell protein as an emerging aquafeed ingredient; no VN supplier namedTap chi Thuy san Viet NamSCP enters VN feed-trade discourse
2024-02-23Insect (benchmark)Vinh Hoan agrees to buy at least 15,000 t insect protein from Entobel over 2025-2027Vinh Hoan; EntobelOfftake proves VN feed buyers will contract novel protein
2024-03-01Plant-based meatPress cites VN plant-based market projection of USD 500 m 'within several years' (source unnamed)(press)Illustrates unreliable market-size claims
2024-03-12CultivatedUMAMI Bioworks acquires Shiok Meats' assets (stock deal)UMAMI Bioworks; Shiok MeatsMinh Phu MOU counterparty ceases to exist as independent firm
2024-07-02Plant-based meatVinaCapital Ventures invests in Korean plant-based startup INNOHAS, which plans VN and SE Asia productsVinaCapital Ventures; INNOHASOnly VN VC alt-protein deal found
2024-10-24Insect (benchmark)Cricket One reports about 150 t live crickets/month, 4 farms + about 20 satellite farmsCricket OneLast evidence of activity found
2025-02-27Plant-based dairyVinasoy 2024 soy milk revenue > VND 4,100 bn, about 80% share; VN imported 2.2 Mt soybeans in 2024Vinasoy; QNSScale of largest plant-protein food business
2025-03-01Rules in force (Vietnam)New Government structure: 14 ministries and 3 ministerial-level agencies; MAE, merged MOST, merged MOF operateResolution 176/2025/QH15 (18 Feb 2025); Decrees 29, 35, 40, 42, 55/2025Changes which agency owns feed, food safety, biotech, standards and tax incentives
2025-04-15Rules in force (Vietnam)Revised Power Development Plan 8 approved: non-hydro renewables 28-36% of generation by 2030, 74-75% by 2050; nuclear 4.0-6.4 GW in 2030-2035Decision 768/QD-TTgGrid carbon intensity and power price path for fermentation and drying loads
2025-05-12Feed SCP/yeastVN aquaculture magazine features Unibio Uniprotein (methane SCP); no VN supply or trialUnibioWestern SCP still marketing-stage in VN
2025-06-12Rules in force (Vietnam)National Assembly adopts provincial merger resolution; district level to end 1 Jul 2025 (Party Resolution 60-NQ/TW, 12 Apr 2025)Resolution 202/2025/QH15Legal basis for 34-unit map
2025-07-01OtherProvincial merger (63 to 34) changes locations of many actors (e.g. Ba Ria-Vung Tau and Binh Duong into HCMC; Binh Phuoc into Dong Nai; Long An into Tay Ninh; Binh Thuan into Lam Dong)Government of VietnamLocation naming in all directories
2025-10-01Rules in force (Vietnam)Law on Science, Technology and Innovation takes effect (controlled testing sandbox Arts 21-23; research risk acceptance)Law 93/2025/QH15 (27 Jun 2025)Only general legal basis found for a supervised novel-food pilot
2025-10-01Rules in force (Vietnam)New Corporate Income Tax Law takes effect (applies to 2025 tax period); 10% for 15 years for high-tech and S&T firmsLaw 67/2025/QH15 (14 Jun 2025); Decree 320/2025/ND-CPTax incentive for fermentation plants that obtain high-tech status
2026-01-01Rules in force (Vietnam)Circular on biofuel blending roadmap takes effectCircular 50/2025/TT-BCT (7 Nov 2025)Creates structural ethanol demand for cassava
2026-01-01Rules in force (Vietnam)Amended Law on Environmental Protection / Biodiversity provisions (gene-edited organism definition; genetic-resource access permits) take effectLaw 146/2025/QH15ABS and biosafety for isolated microbes and gene-edited strains
2026 (Q1)Plant-based dairyVinamilk reports double-digit growth in nut milkVinamilkPlant milk still growing in 2026
2026-03-30 to 04-04Plant-based dairyOatside Vietnam 'Chief Milk Officer' fake job campaign draws backlashOatsideShows active marketing spend by foreign plant-milk brand in VN
2026-06-01Rules in force (Vietnam)E10 gasoline mandatory nationwide for gasoline engines; E5 RON92 may continue to 31 Dec 2030Circular 50/2025/TT-BCT Art on roadmapNew competing buyer for cassava roots and chips; affects pulp availability and price
2026 (by)Insect (benchmark)Entobel has >200 staff, 12x capacity vs 2022, prepares Indonesia expansionEntobel; Mekong CapitalVN used as base for regional scale-up
2026-07-01Rules in force (Vietnam)New priority high-tech list and strategic technology list take effect (recombinant proteins, synthetic biology, new-generation microbial technology listed)Decision 23/2026/QD-TTg (15 May 2026); Decision 21/2026/QD-TTg (30 Apr 2026)Precision fermentation and microbial products can qualify for high-tech incentives
2026-08-27Traditional chay industrialVISSAN launches ha cao chay and hoanh thanh chay (chay dumplings, wontons)VISSANIncumbent meat processor extends chay range
2026-09-06OtherAltProtein Vietnam retail audit in Nha Trang: large frozen chay sections; no modern branded meat analogues; Chinese canned 'Plant Based' soy luncheon meat on shelfAltProtein Vietnam; Lotte Mart; Co.opmartPrimary shelf evidence

4.7 Reading the market

  1. The protein gap is inside the existing categories. The biggest near-term supply opportunity in food is not a new category but more, and more local, protein in existing ones: textured protein for specialist chay makers, and cheap protein to lift 4 g wrappers.
  2. Incumbents are the customers and the co-packers. An Nhien, Au Lac, Thoai An, LC Foods, Cholimex, CJ Foods Vietnam, Vissan and private-label makers already buy imported protein ingredients; Vinamilk and Vinasoy buy imported pea protein and soybeans.
  3. Feed leads food. Novel protein in feed is already legal, funded and bought in Vietnam. Novel protein in food has no Vietnamese producer to test the rules.
  4. Price anchors are low. Chay sells at or below meat prices; tofu and dried TVP deliver protein at about 1.5 to 2 times the price of egg and chicken protein. A new ingredient must fit that structure.

For each reader.

  • Investors: there is almost no plant-based venture deal flow; the investable scale is in ingredients and feed. A "protein upgrade for đồ chay" thesis sells to incumbents, as suppliers or acquirers.
  • Startups: your first customers can be named today; start there, not with a consumer brand.
  • Manufacturers: a domestic TVP or soy-gluten supplier would reduce dependence on a single import origin; clearer protein labelling is a competitive opening.
  • Researchers: measured (not label) protein and amino-acid data for common chay products are missing and cheap to produce.
  • Policy makers and international bodies: a Vietnam company census and a chay nutrition audit are low-cost public goods.

Related: D. Retail formulation audit, E. Directory, Plays.

Sources cited on this page

All sources (Appendix T)

  1. ECO-41 Tuổi Trẻ. 'Vua' sữa đậu nành thu về 28 tỉ đồng bình quân mỗi ngày. 27 Feb 2025
  2. IND-48 Tuoi Tre. 'Vua' sua dau nanh thu ve 28 ti dong binh quan moi ngay. 27 February 2025
  3. IND-51 Vietnam News Agency. ToFu House - Nuoi duong va phat trien hat dau Viet
  4. FORM-14 Nhân Dân. Trăm năm làng nghề tàu hũ ky Mỹ Hòa. 20 Sep 2022
  5. ECO-30 Sài Gòn Giải Phóng. VISSAN ra mắt bộ đôi sản phẩm chay tiện lợi. 27 Aug 2026
  6. ECO-33 Kingfoodmart. Há cảo chay CJ Cầu Tre gói 500g
  7. FORM-01 AltProtein Vietnam. AltProtein Vietnam retail field audit, Nha Trang 6 Sep 2026 and Ho Chi Minh City 16 and 20 Sep 2026, 186 SKUs, 11 stores. 6 to 20 Sep 2026
  8. ECO-43 Vinamilk. Sữa thực vật
  9. ECO-45 Báo Đầu Tư. Bộ sữa hạt TH true NUT chính thức được bán tại Việt Nam. Mar 2018
  10. ECO-52 Spirulina Vinh Hao JSC. Giới thiệu tảo xoắn Spirulina Vĩnh Hảo. undated
  11. ECO-53 Dân Việt / Trang Trại Việt. Sản xuất thành công tảo xoắn Spirulina trên quy mô lớn ở miền Trung. 22 Jul 2023
  12. FORM-22 CJ Foods Vietnam. Chả giò bánh rế chay đặc biệt
  13. FORM-09 USDA FAS GAIN. Oilseeds and Products Annual, Vietnam. 2025
  14. FORM-05 World Bank WITS / UN Comtrade. China Protein concentrates and textured protein subst exports by country, 2023. 2023
  15. FORM-06 World Bank WITS / UN Comtrade. China exports of HS 350400 by country, 2023. 2023
  16. FORM-07 World Bank WITS / UN Comtrade. China Wheat gluten exports by country, 2023. 2023
  17. FORM-03 World Bank WITS / UN Comtrade. Vietnam Wheat gluten imports by country, 2023. 2023
  18. FORM-10 Dân Trí. TPHCM có tổ hợp ép dầu đậu nành quy mô hàng đầu Đông Nam Á. 10 Dec 2025
  19. FORM-11 Phụ Gia Việt Mỹ (VMC Group). Top 3 địa chỉ phân phối đạm đậu nành uy tín chính hãng
  20. FORM-35 Thực phẩm chay Thanh Dũng website
  21. COST-39 Pork category. Bach Hoa Xanh (online)
  22. COST-40 Chicken category. Bach Hoa Xanh (online)
  23. COST-41 Eggs category. Bach Hoa Xanh (online)
  24. ECO-22 GFI. Country: Vietnam - The alternative protein ecosystem
  25. VCO-21 GFI. Country: Vietnam - The alternative protein ecosystem
  26. ECO-15 Jovel Chan. 12 Plant-based alternatives redefining what it means to be meat/dairy-free in Vietnam. 2022
  27. ECO-16 Vietcetera. BiaCraft Introduces The Beyond Burger To Vietnam. 17 Aug 2019
  28. ECO-20 vegconomist. What's Been Happening at OmniFoods?. Aug 2023
  29. ECO-40 AltProtein Vietnam project file. Nha Trang field data: Lotte Mart + Co.opmart. 6 Sep 2026
  30. ECO-12 Asian Agribiz. Viet startup pioneers plant-based products with fewer additives. 16 Feb 2024
  31. ECO-13 Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative. Pioneering Sustainable Agri-Tech and Plant-Based Proteins from Vietnam
  32. ECO-49 Kashew Cheese. The Kashew Story
  33. ECO-51 Ong Tempeh homepage
  34. ECO-17 Nhịp Cầu Đầu Tư. Thịt thực vật thị trường tỉ USD. 15 Jul 2022
  35. ECO-18 Nhịp Cầu Đầu Tư. Thị trường thịt thực vật: Tiềm năng ra sao?. 1 Mar 2024
  36. ECO-19 Doanh Nhân Trẻ Việt Nam. Thịt thực vật - xu hướng tiêu dùng của tương lai. 7 Jun 2022
  37. ECO-57 VietnamPlus. Bèo tấm - 'Siêu thực phẩm' tiềm năng của tương lai. 2025
  38. ECO-58 AgFunderNews. Vietnam's biggest fish exporter launches venture unit, invests in cultured seafood startup Avant. 26 Jan 2021
  39. ECO-59 Vinh Hoan Corp. Press release: Cultivated fish biotechnology company announces strategic investment. 25 Jan 2021
  40. ECO-60 Nhịp Cầu Đầu Tư. Việt Nam tham gia chuỗi cung ứng thực phẩm nhân tạo. 18 Aug 2021
  41. ECO-61 The Investor. 'Shrimp king' Minh Phu, Shiok Meats to develop R&D facility in Vietnam. 28 Jul 2022
  42. VCO-22 The Investor. 'Shrimp king' Minh Phu, Shiok Meats to develop R&D facility in Vietnam. 28 Jul 2022
  43. VCO-23 UMAMI Bioworks. UMAMI Bioworks, home page
  44. ECO-65 Asia Food Beverages. Vietnamese VC fund invests in Korea's promising plant-based meat alternative startup. 2 Jul 2024
  45. VCO-31 INNOHAS Co. Ltd. INNOHAS home page
  46. ECO-01 Entobel. Entobel Sets Industry Record with the Opening of the Largest Insect Protein Production Plant in Asia. 23 Nov 2023
  47. ECO-02 Mekong Capital investment page. Entobel. undated
  48. ECO-03 Early Warning System database. CnC-Entobel (IFC-46903). 23 Feb 2023
  49. ECO-06 Hatchery International. Entobel opens Asia's largest insect protein plant in Vietnam. 2023
  50. VCO-18 Entobel. Entobel is now a certified B Corp. 5 Feb 2025
  51. ECO-05 The Asset. Vinh Hoan strikes insect protein deal with Entobel. 23 Feb 2024
  52. VCO-28 Skretting Vietnam. Skretting Viet Nam va Entobel hop tac chien luoc nham thuc day san xuat thuc an tom ben vung. 26 Nov 2025
  53. ECO-09 Foodmap Asia. Startup về dế Cricket One đã khép lại vòng gọi vốn Series A và mở cơ sở chế biến dế lớn nhất châu Á. 2 Oct 2023
  54. ECO-11 VTV9. Doanh nghiệp đầu tiên xuất khẩu Protein từ dế mèn. 24 Oct 2024
  55. ECO-69 CK Vietnam Group. Mycoprotein
  56. FM-12 CK Vietnam Group / V-Group Vietnam. Mycoprotein
  57. ECO-66 Tạp chí Thủy sản Việt Nam. Đạm đơn bào 'gia nhập' ngành sản xuất thức ăn thủy sản. 20 Dec 2023
  58. ECO-67 Tạp chí Thủy sản Việt Nam. Protein đơn bào từ khí lên men: Giải pháp dinh dưỡng thủy sản bền vững. 12 May 2025
  59. ECO-70 Vietnam Fisheries Magazine. Enhance shrimp immunity with yeast additive from Enzym Feed Solutions. undated
  60. ECO-24 GFI APAC. The State of APAC's Alt Protein Industry in 10 Charts. 2023
  61. ECO-73 GFI APAC. Entrepreneurship and alternative proteins
  62. ECO-14 Cherie Blair Foundation for Women. Van Pham's story: pioneering with plant protein. 2022