Appendix D5
D5. Business buyers of protein ingredients
The data behind chapter 16: Vietnam's imports of 13 protein-ingredient customs lines from 2019 to 2025, Vietnam-reported and partner-reported; border and landed prices per kg and per kg of protein; preferential import duties, which are 0% for Chinese, ASEAN and Korean protein ingredients; the monthly timing of Chinese shipments; a map of 27 named buyers and intermediaries with the proteins they use and their likely first novel ingredient; the segment ranking; and the label audit of 118 Vissan products.
On this page
What this appendix contains. The data behind Business buyers. Vietnam's own reported quantities for these customs lines are flagged as estimated by UN Comtrade, so values (CIF) are the better Vietnam-side measure; partner-reported (mirror) exports give tonnages and a series to 2025 at FOB values 1,2 . No customs line maps cleanly to one ingredient, and the split between food and feed is not visible. It also gives landed prices at 0% preferential duty, the duty schedule, the monthly timing of Chinese shipments (D5.2), seven buyers and intermediaries found by the actor check and waves 7 to 9 (D5.3), and updated segment specifications (D5.4) (M4. Actor check and waves).
D5.1 Imports by customs line, 2019 to 2025
| HS code | Description | Year | Reporter | Partner | Value, USD | Quantity, t | Quantity status | Unit value, USD per kg | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 040410 | Whey and modified whey (feed-grade sweet whey and food-grade demineralised whey mixed) | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 47152602 | 34387.5 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 1.37 | 1 |
| 040410 | Whey and modified whey (feed-grade sweet whey and food-grade demineralised whey mixed) | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 65712401 | 47090.0 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 1.4 | 1 |
| 040490 | Products of natural milk constituents n.e.s. (may include milk protein concentrates) | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 4579596 | 1820.2 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 2.52 | 1 |
| 040490 | Products of natural milk constituents n.e.s. (may include milk protein concentrates) | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 9231443 | 2611.9 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 3.53 | 1 |
| 040811 | Egg yolks, dried | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 1388095 | 246.9 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 5.62 | 1 |
| 040811 | Egg yolks, dried | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 2758275 | 259.6 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 10.62 | 1 |
| 040891 | Birds eggs not in shell, dried (whole egg powder) | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 3564497 | 732.4 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 4.87 | 1 |
| 040891 | Birds eggs not in shell, dried (whole egg powder) | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 5016699 | 546.7 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 9.18 | 1 |
| 110900 | Wheat gluten | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 15205880 | 9608.3 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 1.58 | 1 |
| 110900 | Wheat gluten | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 31057349 | 12336.6 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 2.52 | 1 |
| 210610 | Protein concentrates and textured protein substances (incl. TVP, soy protein concentrate, some isolates as declared, protein supplement premixes) | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 37032217 | 8168.6 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 4.53 | 1 |
| 210610 | Protein concentrates and textured protein substances (incl. TVP, soy protein concentrate, some isolates as declared, protein supplement premixes) | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 33981552 | 5763.4 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 5.9 | 1 |
| 350110 | Casein | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 1987970 | 337.6 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 5.89 | 1 |
| 350110 | Casein | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 5839872 | 539.7 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 10.82 | 1 |
| 350190 | Caseinates and other casein derivatives | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 15770053 | 2154.0 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 7.32 | 1 |
| 350190 | Caseinates and other casein derivatives | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 27829702 | 2029.9 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 13.71 | 1 |
| 350211 | Egg albumin, dried (egg white powder) | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 4697410 | 722.0 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 6.51 | 1 |
| 350211 | Egg albumin, dried (egg white powder) | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 8094019 | 470.5 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 17.2 | 1 |
| 350219 | Egg albumin, other | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 5500 | not available | 1 | ||
| 350219 | Egg albumin, other | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 331765 | 159.8 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 2.08 | 1 |
| 350220 | Milk albumin incl. concentrates of two or more whey proteins (whey protein concentrate above 80% protein) | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 10665064 | 1463.1 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 7.29 | 1 |
| 350220 | Milk albumin incl. concentrates of two or more whey proteins (whey protein concentrate above 80% protein) | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 10783173 | 1248.6 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 8.64 | 1 |
| 350300 | Gelatin and gelatin derivatives (food, pharmaceutical capsule and technical uses) | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 40631594 | 6896.7 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 5.89 | 1 |
| 350300 | Gelatin and gelatin derivatives (food, pharmaceutical capsule and technical uses) | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 62214027 | 6519.2 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 9.54 | 1 |
| 350400 | Peptones; other protein substances n.e.s. (incl. soy and pea protein isolates, hydrolysates, collagen peptides; some feed-grade proteins) | 2019 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 7431704 | 1291.8 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 5.75 | 1 |
| 350400 | Peptones; other protein substances n.e.s. (incl. soy and pea protein isolates, hydrolysates, collagen peptides; some feed-grade proteins) | 2023 | Vietnam (importer-reported, CIF) | World | 22184267 | 2421.5 | estimated by UN Comtrade | 9.16 | 1 |
| 040410 | Whey and modified whey (feed-grade sweet whey and food-grade demineralised whey mixed) | 2019 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA USD 15.90 M; Spain USD 5.70 M; Germany USD 3.70 M; Poland USD 2.87 M | 40468919 | 41215.3 | mostly reported by exporters | 0.98 | 2 |
| 040410 | Whey and modified whey (feed-grade sweet whey and food-grade demineralised whey mixed) | 2023 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA USD 20.78 M; Poland USD 7.23 M; Spain USD 5.40 M; Italy USD 3.77 M | 54719816 | 67052.7 | mostly reported by exporters | 0.82 | 2 |
| 040410 | Whey and modified whey (feed-grade sweet whey and food-grade demineralised whey mixed) | 2024 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA USD 24.36 M; Turkiye USD 7.63 M; Spain USD 5.62 M; Italy USD 4.46 M | 60029848 | 72062.6 | mostly reported by exporters | 0.83 | 2 |
| 040410 | Whey and modified whey (feed-grade sweet whey and food-grade demineralised whey mixed) | 2025 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA USD 31.06 M; Turkiye USD 9.87 M; Spain USD 9.44 M; Italy USD 7.48 M | 78715936 | 64003.0 | mostly reported by exporters | 1.23 | 2 |
| 040490 | Products of natural milk constituents n.e.s. (may include milk protein concentrates) | 2019 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA USD 1.15 M; New Zealand USD 1.03 M; Japan USD 0.31 M; Belarus USD 0.27 M | 3454035 | 1237.7 | mostly reported by exporters | 2.79 | 2 |
| 040490 | Products of natural milk constituents n.e.s. (may include milk protein concentrates) | 2023 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | New Zealand USD 2.80 M; USA USD 2.65 M; Japan USD 0.20 M; Switzerland USD 0.11 M | 5992305 | 1662.3 | mostly reported by exporters | 3.6 | 2 |
| 040490 | Products of natural milk constituents n.e.s. (may include milk protein concentrates) | 2024 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA USD 3.57 M; New Zealand USD 2.90 M; France USD 0.46 M; Germany USD 0.20 M | 7569391 | 1370.6 | mostly reported by exporters | 5.52 | 2 |
| 040490 | Products of natural milk constituents n.e.s. (may include milk protein concentrates) | 2025 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA USD 5.96 M; New Zealand USD 4.05 M; Netherlands USD 0.26 M; Germany USD 0.13 M | 10510272 | 2148.6 | mostly reported by exporters | 4.89 | 2 |
| 040811 | Egg yolks, dried | 2019 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | India USD 1.30 M; USA USD 0.07 M; Thailand USD 0.00 M | 1368937 | 284.5 | mostly reported by exporters | 4.81 | 2 |
| 040811 | Egg yolks, dried | 2023 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | India USD 2.45 M; USA USD 0.11 M; Japan USD 0.00 M; Italy USD 0.00 M | 2566621 | 410.2 | mostly reported by exporters | 6.26 | 2 |
| 040811 | Egg yolks, dried | 2024 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | India USD 3.26 M; France USD 0.01 M; Italy USD 0.01 M | 3277380 | 502.5 | mostly reported by exporters | 6.52 | 2 |
| 040811 | Egg yolks, dried | 2025 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | India USD 4.64 M; France USD 0.01 M; China USD 0.00 M | 4656974 | 581.8 | mostly reported by exporters | 8.0 | 2 |
| 040891 | Birds eggs not in shell, dried (whole egg powder) | 2019 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | India USD 3.45 M; China USD 0.01 M; Lithuania USD 0.00 M; France USD 0.00 M | 3462861 | 622.8 | mostly reported by exporters | 5.56 | 2 |
| 040891 | Birds eggs not in shell, dried (whole egg powder) | 2023 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | India USD 4.30 M; Japan USD 0.17 M; Italy USD 0.06 M; France USD 0.05 M | 4588235 | 706.3 | mostly reported by exporters | 6.5 | 2 |
| 040891 | Birds eggs not in shell, dried (whole egg powder) | 2024 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | India USD 3.85 M; Japan USD 0.21 M; Italy USD 0.10 M; France USD 0.06 M | 4225942 | 643.2 | mostly reported by exporters | 6.57 | 2 |
| 040891 | Birds eggs not in shell, dried (whole egg powder) | 2025 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | India USD 3.69 M; Japan USD 0.22 M; France USD 0.21 M; Lithuania USD 0.13 M | 4313118 | 649.4 | mostly reported by exporters | 6.64 | 2 |
| 110900 | Wheat gluten | 2019 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | China USD 11.77 M; Belgium USD 1.02 M; Germany USD 0.81 M; France USD 0.52 M | 14447199 | 11327.3 | mostly reported by exporters | 1.28 | 2 |
| 110900 | Wheat gluten | 2019 | China (exporter-reported, FOB) | Vietnam | 11770415 | 9620.1 | reported by China | 1.22 | 2 |
| 110900 | Wheat gluten | 2023 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | China USD 17.85 M; Australia USD 3.98 M; Belgium USD 2.93 M; Netherlands USD 2.09 M | 28757619 | 16663.9 | mostly reported by exporters | 1.73 | 2 |
| 110900 | Wheat gluten | 2023 | China (exporter-reported, FOB) | Vietnam | 17850282 | 10338.0 | reported by China | 1.73 | 2 |
| 110900 | Wheat gluten | 2024 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | China USD 19.12 M; Belgium USD 3.51 M; Australia USD 0.27 M; France USD 0.14 M | 23057934 | 19009.4 | mostly reported by exporters | 1.21 | 2 |
| 110900 | Wheat gluten | 2024 | China (exporter-reported, FOB) | Vietnam | 19117308 | 15834.1 | reported by China | 1.21 | 2 |
| 110900 | Wheat gluten | 2025 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | China USD 25.37 M; Belgium USD 2.53 M; Australia USD 0.56 M; France USD 0.30 M | 28765412 | 21991.3 | mostly reported by exporters | 1.31 | 2 |
| 110900 | Wheat gluten | 2025 | China (exporter-reported, FOB) | Vietnam | 25368892 | 19411.1 | reported by China | 1.31 | 2 |
| 210610 | Protein concentrates and textured protein substances (incl. TVP, soy protein concentrate, some isolates as declared, protein supplement premixes) | 2019 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA 14.69M/1022t; Other Asia nes (Taiwan) 8.54M/2802t; China 7.90M/6615t; India 2.41M/1454t; Spain 1.61M/511t; Australia 1.05M/23t | 40082642 | 13852.0 | mostly reported by exporters | 2.89 | 2 |
| 210610 | Protein concentrates and textured protein substances (incl. TVP, soy protein concentrate, some isolates as declared, protein supplement premixes) | 2019 | China (exporter-reported, FOB) | Vietnam | 7900000 | 6615.0 | reported by China | 1.19 | 2 |
| 210610 | Protein concentrates and textured protein substances (incl. TVP, soy protein concentrate, some isolates as declared, protein supplement premixes) | 2023 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA 14.04M/720t; China 12.63M/7957t; Other Asia nes (Taiwan) 5.03M/1495t; India 1.52M/1357t; Canada 1.46M/63t; Netherlands 1.08M/322t | 40332700 | 12572.0 | mostly reported by exporters | 3.21 | 2 |
| 210610 | Protein concentrates and textured protein substances (incl. TVP, soy protein concentrate, some isolates as declared, protein supplement premixes) | 2023 | China (exporter-reported, FOB) | Vietnam | 12630000 | 7957.0 | reported by China | 1.59 | 2 |
| 210610 | Protein concentrates and textured protein substances (incl. TVP, soy protein concentrate, some isolates as declared, protein supplement premixes) | 2024 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA USD 13.21 M; China USD 13.16 M; Other Asia nes (Taiwan) USD 4.55 M; Canada USD 2.54 M | 40294009 | 15232.9 | mostly reported by exporters | 2.65 | 2 |
| 210610 | Protein concentrates and textured protein substances (incl. TVP, soy protein concentrate, some isolates as declared, protein supplement premixes) | 2024 | China (exporter-reported, FOB) | Vietnam | 13155938 | 10029.1 | reported by China | 1.31 | 2 |
| 210610 | Protein concentrates and textured protein substances (incl. TVP, soy protein concentrate, some isolates as declared, protein supplement premixes) | 2025 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA USD 19.18 M; China USD 12.62 M; India USD 2.33 M; Netherlands USD 1.36 M | 39374198 | 15304.1 | mostly reported by exporters | 2.57 | 2 |
| 210610 | Protein concentrates and textured protein substances (incl. TVP, soy protein concentrate, some isolates as declared, protein supplement premixes) | 2025 | China (exporter-reported, FOB) | Vietnam | 12618124 | 10201.5 | reported by China | 1.24 | 2 |
| 350110 | Casein | 2019 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | Netherlands USD 0.50 M; Poland USD 0.18 M; New Zealand USD 0.10 M; China USD 0.09 M | 999427 | 163.3 | mostly reported by exporters | 6.12 | 2 |
| 350110 | Casein | 2023 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | New Zealand USD 2.17 M; India USD 0.54 M; Poland USD 0.46 M; China USD 0.17 M | 3556593 | 434.5 | mostly reported by exporters | 8.19 | 2 |
| 350110 | Casein | 2024 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | New Zealand USD 1.23 M; Poland USD 0.21 M; Ireland USD 0.17 M; China USD 0.10 M | 1795770 | 245.3 | mostly reported by exporters | 7.32 | 2 |
| 350110 | Casein | 2025 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | New Zealand USD 3.81 M; China USD 0.28 M; Poland USD 0.24 M; France USD 0.04 M | 4446057 | 575.0 | mostly reported by exporters | 7.73 | 2 |
| 350190 | Caseinates and other casein derivatives | 2019 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | New Zealand USD 2.82 M; Germany USD 2.45 M; France USD 0.80 M; India USD 0.49 M | 7478095 | 1003.0 | mostly reported by exporters | 7.46 | 2 |
| 350190 | Caseinates and other casein derivatives | 2023 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | Germany USD 5.53 M; France USD 1.66 M; New Zealand USD 1.35 M; Poland USD 0.96 M | 9868122 | 711.0 | mostly reported by exporters | 13.88 | 2 |
| 350190 | Caseinates and other casein derivatives | 2024 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | Germany USD 3.98 M; Ireland USD 2.17 M; Poland USD 1.66 M; New Zealand USD 1.49 M | 10906044 | 1219.5 | mostly reported by exporters | 8.94 | 2 |
| 350190 | Caseinates and other casein derivatives | 2025 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | Germany USD 4.28 M; New Zealand USD 1.65 M; Poland USD 1.07 M; France USD 0.85 M | 7989641 | 834.8 | mostly reported by exporters | 9.57 | 2 |
| 350211 | Egg albumin, dried (egg white powder) | 2019 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | India USD 3.43 M; Italy USD 0.60 M; Ukraine USD 0.10 M; France USD 0.06 M | 4217762 | 659.0 | mostly reported by exporters | 6.4 | 2 |
| 350211 | Egg albumin, dried (egg white powder) | 2023 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | India USD 5.78 M; Italy USD 1.43 M; Belgium USD 0.50 M; France USD 0.39 M | 8157318 | 679.7 | mostly reported by exporters | 12.0 | 2 |
| 350211 | Egg albumin, dried (egg white powder) | 2024 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | India USD 5.14 M; Belgium USD 0.55 M; France USD 0.34 M; Italy USD 0.15 M | 6194883 | 927.7 | mostly reported by exporters | 6.68 | 2 |
| 350211 | Egg albumin, dried (egg white powder) | 2025 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | India USD 6.67 M; Italy USD 0.47 M; Belgium USD 0.44 M; France USD 0.29 M | 7895283 | 1305.3 | mostly reported by exporters | 6.05 | 2 |
| 350220 | Milk albumin incl. concentrates of two or more whey proteins (whey protein concentrate above 80% protein) | 2019 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA USD 7.48 M; Germany USD 2.78 M; Austria USD 0.30 M; Australia USD 0.10 M | 10715916 | 1665.9 | mostly reported by exporters | 6.43 | 2 |
| 350220 | Milk albumin incl. concentrates of two or more whey proteins (whey protein concentrate above 80% protein) | 2023 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA USD 3.26 M; Germany USD 2.94 M; Australia USD 0.31 M; Poland USD 0.10 M | 6761292 | 939.7 | mostly reported by exporters | 7.2 | 2 |
| 350220 | Milk albumin incl. concentrates of two or more whey proteins (whey protein concentrate above 80% protein) | 2024 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | Germany USD 6.46 M; USA USD 4.09 M; Australia USD 1.92 M; New Zealand USD 0.26 M | 13185569 | 1317.6 | mostly reported by exporters | 10.01 | 2 |
| 350220 | Milk albumin incl. concentrates of two or more whey proteins (whey protein concentrate above 80% protein) | 2025 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA USD 9.82 M; Germany USD 4.67 M; Australia USD 0.84 M; New Zealand USD 0.35 M | 16187996 | 1633.5 | mostly reported by exporters | 9.91 | 2 |
| 350300 | Gelatin and gelatin derivatives (food, pharmaceutical capsule and technical uses) | 2019 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | China USD 5.56 M; France USD 5.13 M; Germany USD 4.96 M; Korea USD 4.18 M | 34253954 | 5263.9 | mostly reported by exporters | 6.51 | 2 |
| 350300 | Gelatin and gelatin derivatives (food, pharmaceutical capsule and technical uses) | 2023 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | China USD 15.87 M; Brazil USD 8.29 M; France USD 8.29 M; Italy USD 4.46 M | 62116255 | 6852.1 | mostly reported by exporters | 9.07 | 2 |
| 350300 | Gelatin and gelatin derivatives (food, pharmaceutical capsule and technical uses) | 2024 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | China USD 16.00 M; France USD 10.44 M; Korea USD 6.58 M; Germany USD 4.42 M | 59266895 | 8179.7 | mostly reported by exporters | 7.25 | 2 |
| 350300 | Gelatin and gelatin derivatives (food, pharmaceutical capsule and technical uses) | 2025 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | China USD 11.99 M; France USD 5.67 M; Korea USD 5.30 M; Japan USD 4.00 M | 42757486 | 6777.8 | mostly reported by exporters | 6.31 | 2 |
| 350400 | Peptones; other protein substances n.e.s. (incl. soy and pea protein isolates, hydrolysates, collagen peptides; some feed-grade proteins) | 2019 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | USA 6.86M/1503t; China 3.54M/2140t; Denmark 0.79M/230t; France 0.71M/27t; Spain 0.63M/645t; 152 0.53M/497t | 15214131 | 5333.0 | mostly reported by exporters | 2.85 | 2 |
| 350400 | Peptones; other protein substances n.e.s. (incl. soy and pea protein isolates, hydrolysates, collagen peptides; some feed-grade proteins) | 2019 | China (exporter-reported, FOB) | Vietnam | 3540000 | 2140.0 | reported by China | 1.65 | 2 |
| 350400 | Peptones; other protein substances n.e.s. (incl. soy and pea protein isolates, hydrolysates, collagen peptides; some feed-grade proteins) | 2023 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | China 16.31M/10028t; USA 3.72M/596t; Spain 2.65M/680t; Singapore 1.51M/121t; Japan 1.46M/127t; Korea 1.35M/98t | 32082449 | 12680.0 | mostly reported by exporters | 2.53 | 2 |
| 350400 | Peptones; other protein substances n.e.s. (incl. soy and pea protein isolates, hydrolysates, collagen peptides; some feed-grade proteins) | 2023 | China (exporter-reported, FOB) | Vietnam | 16310000 | 10028.0 | reported by China | 1.63 | 2 |
| 350400 | Peptones; other protein substances n.e.s. (incl. soy and pea protein isolates, hydrolysates, collagen peptides; some feed-grade proteins) | 2024 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | China 25.91M/25267t; USA 6.36M/779t; Korea 4.36M/296t; Spain 3.95M/1003t; Netherlands 1.57M/221t; Denmark 1.21M/253t | 50235108 | 28987.0 | mostly reported by exporters | 1.73 | 2 |
| 350400 | Peptones; other protein substances n.e.s. (incl. soy and pea protein isolates, hydrolysates, collagen peptides; some feed-grade proteins) | 2024 | China (exporter-reported, FOB) | Vietnam | 25910000 | 25267.0 | reported by China | 1.03 | 2 |
| 350400 | Peptones; other protein substances n.e.s. (incl. soy and pea protein isolates, hydrolysates, collagen peptides; some feed-grade proteins) | 2025 | All partners (mirror exports to Vietnam, FOB) | China 21.67M/24363t; USA 4.58M/508t; Spain 3.88M/922t; Korea 3.08M/195t; Denmark 1.29M/166t; France 1.09M/63t | 40527535 | 26953.0 | mostly reported by exporters | 1.5 | 2 |
| 350400 | Peptones; other protein substances n.e.s. (incl. soy and pea protein isolates, hydrolysates, collagen peptides; some feed-grade proteins) | 2025 | China (exporter-reported, FOB) | Vietnam | 21670000 | 24363.0 | reported by China | 0.89 | 2 |
D5.2 Border prices
| Ingredient | Price basis | Origin | Period | USD per kg | Protein share assumed | USD per kg of protein | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HS 210610 protein concentrates and textured protein (TVP, SPC, some SPI) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB, exporter-reported quantity) | China | 2024 | 1.31 | 0.65 | 2.02 | 2 |
| HS 210610 protein concentrates and textured protein (TVP, SPC, some SPI) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | China | 2025 | 1.24 | 0.65 | 1.91 | 2 |
| HS 210610 protein concentrates and textured protein | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | India | 2025 | 0.98 | 0.55 | 1.78 | 2 |
| HS 210610 protein concentrates and textured protein | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | Serbia | 2025 | 0.85 | 0.65 | 1.31 | 2 |
| HS 210610 protein concentrates and textured protein | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | Other Asia nes (Taiwan) | 2024 | 2.95 | 2 | ||
| HS 210610 protein-based preparations | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | USA | 2024 | 19.47 | 2 | ||
| HS 350400 other protein substances | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | China | 2024 | 1.03 | 2 | ||
| HS 350400 other protein substances | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | China | 2025 | 0.89 | 2 | ||
| HS 350400 other protein substances | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | USA | 2024 | 8.16 | 2 | ||
| HS 350400 other protein substances | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | Spain | 2024 | 3.94 | 2 | ||
| Wheat gluten (HS 110900) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | China | 2024 | 1.21 | 0.75 | 1.61 | 2 |
| Wheat gluten (HS 110900) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | China | 2025 | 1.31 | 0.75 | 1.75 | 2 |
| Wheat gluten (HS 110900) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | Belgium | 2025 | 1.25 | 0.75 | 1.67 | 2 |
| Soy protein isolate (declared HS 21061000) | Sample import shipment (declared value / quantity) | China | 16 Jun 2025 | 1.95 | 0.9 | 2.17 | 3 |
| Soy protein isolate (declared HS 21061000) | Sample import shipment | China | 10 Jun 2025 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 2.44 | 3 |
| Soy protein isolate (declared HS 2106100000) | Sample import shipment | China | 13 May 2025 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 2.22 | 3 |
| Pea protein (declared HS 35040000) | Sample import shipment | China | 24 Jun 2025 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 4 |
| Pea protein (declared HS 35040000) | Sample import shipment | China | 11 Jun 2025 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 3.75 | 4 |
| Pea protein (declared HS 35040000) | Sample import shipment | United States | 30 Jun 2025 | 6.75 | 0.8 | 8.44 | 4 |
| Pea protein (declared HS 35040000) | Sample import shipment | France | 7 Jun 2025 | 8.5 | 0.8 | 10.62 | 4 |
| Whey and modified whey (HS 040410) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | USA | 2024 | 0.77 | 0.12 | 6.42 | 2 |
| Whey and modified whey (HS 040410) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | USA | 2025 | 1.44 | 0.12 | 12.0 | 2 |
| Whey protein concentrate 80% (HS 350220) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | USA | 2025 | 8.13 | 0.8 | 10.16 | 2 |
| Whey protein concentrate 80% (HS 350220) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | Germany | 2025 | 14.05 | 0.8 | 17.56 | 2 |
| Casein (HS 350110) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | New Zealand | 2025 | 7.59 | 0.88 | 8.62 | 2 |
| Caseinates (HS 350190) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | Germany | 2025 | 9.87 | 0.88 | 11.22 | 2 |
| Egg white powder (HS 350211) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | India | 2025 | 5.9 | 0.8 | 7.38 | 2 |
| Egg white powder (HS 350211) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | India | 2023 | 11.51 | 0.8 | 14.39 | 2 |
| Whole egg powder (HS 040891) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | India | 2025 | 6.09 | 0.46 | 13.24 | 2 |
| Egg yolk powder (HS 040811) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | India | 2025 | 7.99 | 0.32 | 24.97 | 2 |
| Gelatin (HS 350300) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | China | 2025 | 6.0 | 0.85 | 7.06 | 2 |
| Gelatin (HS 350300) | Export unit value to Vietnam (FOB) | France | 2024 | 7.58 | 0.85 | 8.92 | 2 |
| Vital wheat gluten, China origin (25 kg bags) | Distributor web listing | China | Sep 2026 | 5,6 | |||
| HS 210610 textured protein, landed at 0% duty (FOB plus 3 to 8% freight and insurance and USD 15 to 40 per t port and inland) | Our calculation | China | 2025 | 1.29 to 1.38 | 0.65 | 1.98 to 2.12 | 7,8,2 |
| HS 210610 textured protein, landed at 5% MFN (preferential rate not checked) | Our calculation | India | 2025 | 1.08 to 1.15 | 0.65 | 1.65 to 1.77 | 7,2 |
| HS 210610 textured protein, China's average to eight Asian and US partners (Vietnam the lowest at 1.24) | Export unit value (FOB) | China | 2025 | 1.95 | 9 | ||
| Textured soy as a meat extender (50% protein dry, hydrated to 18% protein; hydrated cost VND 10,000 to 15,000 per kg) | Our calculation, Chinese landed price | China | 2025 | 1.29 to 1.38 (dry) | 0.5 | about 2.5 to 2.7 | 7,10 |
| Dry soy-isolate and gluten chay pieces, 1 kg (Panko) | Kitchen platform list price (Kamereo), VND 135,000 per kg | Vietnam | Sep 2026 | 5.19 | 0.533 to 0.667 (borrowed) | 7.8 to 9.7 | 11,12 |
Import duties on protein ingredients and plant milks (protein_tariffs_preferential.csv). Chinese, ASEAN and Korean product pays no duty with a certificate of origin, so the most-favoured-nation (MFN) rates apply only to other origins, chiefly the United States 8,13 .
| HS code | Product | MFN | ACFTA (China) 2025 to 2027 | RCEP (China) 2025 to 2027 | ATIGA (ASEAN) | AKFTA (Korea) | EVFTA (EU) 2026 | CPTPP 2026 | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2106.10 | Protein concentrates and textured protein | 5% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 8,13 |
| 3504 | Other protein substances (soy isolate, pea protein) | 3% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 8,13 |
| 1109 | Wheat gluten | 10% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | not checked | 0% | 8 |
| 1208.10 | Full-fat soy flour (input for a domestic line) | 8% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | not checked | 0% | 8 |
| 2202.99.20 | Soy milk drinks | 30% | 0% | 18%, 15%, 12% | 0% | 0% | 3.7% | 0% | 8 |
| 2202.99.50 | Other ready-to-drink plant drinks (nut, oat) | 30% | 0% | 18%, 15%, 12% | 0% | 0% | 3.7% | 0% | 8 |
| 2106.90 (soy preparations, other) | Imported chay foods and analogues | 15% | 0% | 9%, 7.5%, 6% | 0% | 0% | not checked | 0% | 8 |
Monthly timing of Chinese shipments to Vietnam (index 1.00 is an average month, 2019 to 2024; trade_seasonal_summary.csv). Textured protein rises before the Vu Lan month in 5 of 6 years, specific to Vietnam; HS 3504 does not, and the feed control is flat 14,15 .
| Series (China-reported, net weight) | Two months before the Vu Lan month | Years above 1 | Tet month | Monthly variation (CV) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HS 2106.10 to Vietnam | 1.33 | 5 of 6 | 0.38 | 0.52 | 14 |
| HS 2106.10 to world | 1.04 | 4 of 6 | 0.81 | 0.16 | 14 |
| HS 2106.10 to Thailand | 1.02 | 1 of 6 | 0.86 | 0.38 | 14 |
| HS 1109 (gluten) to Vietnam | 1.20 | 5 of 6 | 0.53 | 0.35 | 14 |
| HS 1109 (gluten) to world | 1.18 | 6 of 6 | 0.77 | 0.28 | 14 |
| HS 3504 to Vietnam | 0.79 | 1 of 6 | 0.63 | 0.45 | 14 |
| HS 2309.90 (feed control) to Vietnam | 0.97 | 3 of 6 | 0.69 | 0.20 | 14 |
China shipped 25,267 t of HS 3504 to Vietnam in 2024 at USD 1.03 per kg, against USD 2.44 for all China's 3504 exports; Vietnam recorded as 3504 only 38% of the value China reported for October to December 2023, against 84 to 101% in 2019 to 2022 (our calculation) 14,15,2 .
D5.3 Buyer map
| Buyer | Segment | Protein ingredients used | Scale | Statements on plant protein or sustainability | Likely first new ingredient | Switching likelihood | Ease of first trial | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VISSAN (Vietnam Livestock Technology JSC) | Meat processing (gio, cha, sausage, pate, canned); chay line | Soy protein (19 of 61 unique meat formulations), wheat gluten or wheat protein, milk protein, egg white powder, wheat fibre, yeast extract; prints the named meat's share on 28 of 29 meat-named formulations (27 to 65% named lean) | Revenue VND 2,972 billion and processed food 18,547 t (2025); pre-tax profit VND 105.1 billion; 2026 plan VND 3,270 billion and 20,350 t; frozen food plant 5,000 t/yr (HCMC) and northern plant 3,000 t/yr; building a 32,000-head pig farm (VND 230 billion) | No plant-based or chay mention in the 2025 annual report; 2026 AGM set no chay target; launched two Vu Lan chay dumpling SKUs on 27 Aug 2026 | Domestic TVP or soy concentrate for chay lines; fungal biomass as a binder in value-line gio and pate. A 20% extension of the lean in 30 to 50% of output would need 224 to 434 t of textured soy and save VND 58 to 112 billion a year at median hog prices (our calculation), which labels suggest it does not capture | Medium | Medium: existing chay lines and new-product pipeline; state-linked governance | 16,17,18,19,20 |
| Masan MEATLife (MEATDeli, Ponnie, 3F Viet, Masan Jinju) | Meat processing and chilled meat | Not verified from labels; Masan's Omachi cup noodle 'real meat stick' lists soy protein and starch | Revenue VND 9,230 billion (2025), processed meat revenue up 21.9%; innovation products 31% of category revenue; about 61% of the protein category in WinCommerce's 4,592 stores | Describes its strategy as becoming a 'nen tang dam tieu dung' (consumer protein platform); diversification is into marinated and processed branded meat; no plant-based product or target (APB 100 Tier 4) | Hybrid or high-protein processed meat using fungal biomass or plant protein; fast in-store tests through WinCommerce | Medium | Medium: owns retail shelf and data, so a trial can reach shelf fast | 21,22,23,24,25 |
| Masan Consumer (Omachi, Kokomi, Chin-su, Nam Ngu) | Instant noodles; seasonings and sauces | Not verified in this wave | Revenue VND 30,557 billion (2025); H1 2026 VND 15,637 billion; Omachi value share up 1.3 points in H1 2026 | No plant protein statement found | TVP garnish for noodles; umami or protein ingredients for seasonings | Low | Low: large FMCG with long qualification | 26,27 |
| C.P. Vietnam (CPV Food) | Integrated feed, farm and food; processed chicken for export | Parent's Meat Zero plant-based range (imported from Thailand) listed on Kamereo, 8 SKUs, VND 175,000 to 378,000 per kg, not orderable on 25 Sep 2026; parent reports a soy texturing process (PLANT-TEC) | CPF Vietnam revenue THB 101.3 billion in 2025, of which food THB 8.2 billion; CPV Food processed-chicken complex USD 250 million; owns a caterer, Dzine Food Solutions; retort sausages | Meat Zero 'for flexitarian consumers' with no quantified target (APB 100 Tier 3) | Localised Meat Zero or hybrid lines only if the Thai parent decides; a buyer of extenders for its own processed meat | Low | Low: export QA and group-level product decisions | 28,29,30,11 |
| Ha Long Canfoco (Do hop Ha Long) | Canned meat, pate, sausage | Not published online | Net revenue VND 204 billion in H1 2026, down 32%; Q2 2026 loss VND 12 billion; about 130 t of ASF-infected pork destroyed (incident Sep 2025, disclosed early 2026) | None found | None near term | Low | Low: financial distress and a food-safety crisis | 31 |
| Ba Huan JSC | Eggs and egg products | Supplier of eggs, not a protein-ingredient buyer | Tax arrears VND 30.4 billion; 401 workers; social insurance arrears VND 6.5 billion (Sep 2026) | None found | Not a plausible first customer | Low | Low | 32 |
| JBS (Vietnam plants) | Meat processing for export | Not known | USD 100 million for export-processing plants in Hai Phong then HCMC, processing imported meat and offal for China and other markets | None found in Vietnam | None near term | Low | Low | 33,34 |
| Acecook Vietnam | Instant noodles, pho, mien | Soy protein in seasoning and garnish sachets; pea starch 82 to 84 g/kg in De Nhat noodle blocks; mung bean starch in Mien Phu Huong | Vinh Long plant (USD 200 million, 2026): 81,000 t/yr products plus 27,600 t/yr sachets, 1.2 billion packs/yr in phase 1; national market 8,231 million servings (2025) | Sustainability messaging on biomass boilers; Hao Hao is calcium-fortified (333 mg per pack); July 2025 strategy adds ready-to-eat foods with real meat, vegetables and micronutrients, no protein claim | Domestic TVP granules for 'thit bam' style garnish; pulse starch from a mung bean or pea fractionation plant | Medium | Medium: Japanese QA, but sachet components are a small, testable change | 35,36,37,38 |
| Vinamilk | Dairy, plant milks, nutrition | Pea protein (first protein ingredient of high-protein nut milk); milk powders and whey (imported, per USDA) | Revenue VND 35,034 billion in H1 2026 (up 17.7%); high-protein and plant milk lines named as growth drivers; high-protein nut milk about 70,300 L on its Lazada store (one-eighth of its standard nut milk); Vinabeef chilled-beef plant (10,000 t a year, 51% Vinamilk) | Markets 'mot nguon dam thuc vat moi: dau Ha Lan'; plant-based 1.30% of product range and no timebound diversification target (FAIRR 2024); APB 100 Tier 3; promotes Green Farm Cao Dam dairy on milk protein being more easily absorbed than plant protein; AR 2025 calls traceability 'mandatory rather than a competitive advantage' | Rice or mung bean protein isolate as a soy-free, locally made alternative to duty-free imported pea protein; later precision-fermented dairy protein | Medium | Medium: strict specs and long QA, but proven appetite for non-soy protein | 39,40,41,42,43,44 |
| Vinasoy (Quang Ngai Sugar, QNS) | Soy milk and nut milks | Whole soybeans (imported); plant protein in Veyo nut milks | 264 million litres sold in 2025 (up 4%), revenue up 14%; Veyo nut milks up 50%; e-commerce up 135%; about 80% soy milk share; own soybean breeding (2,072 lines) | Member of the Plant Based Foods Association; repositioned in May 2026 on 'wholesome nutrition from soybeans and seeds'; donates school soy milk (13.8 million boxes to 906,848 pupils since 2016) | Mung bean or rice protein to raise protein in nut milks without more soy; formulations at or below 5 g sugar per 100 ml ahead of the 2027 excise | Medium | Medium | 45,46,47,48,49 |
| Nutifood | Nutrition powders and drinks, medical nutrition, dairy | Dairy proteins (imported, inferred); nut-based medical nutrition (Varna Life Sua Hat) | Six plants in Vietnam and one in Sweden; tax paid VND 915 billion in FY2025 | Research institute NNRIS; MOU with Military Hospital 175 (20 Jun 2026) for clinical trials of Varna Gentle Care and Varna Life Sua Hat (for people with diabetes) | Plant protein isolates for medical and diabetic nutrition; specialty dairy proteins (lactoferrin type) from fermentation, later | Medium | Medium: clinical-evidence culture favours documented ingredients | 50,51 |
| TH Group (TH true NUT) | Dairy and nut milks | Nuts, fresh milk (supply study) | About 250 SKUs (supply study); revenue not found in this wave | None found in this wave | Plant protein to lift nut-milk protein (1 g per 100 ml in walnut variant, supply study) | Low | Low | 52 |
| Orion Vina | Confectionery and snacks | Milk powder, egg (inferred for cakes) | Revenue KRW 475.5 billion (about VND 8,760 billion) in 2023; Chocopie more than 67% share; third plant in the north under construction (2024) | None found | Egg-replacer functionality (fungal or plant protein) in cakes, not protein claims | Low | Low | 53 |
| Ajinomoto Vietnam | Seasonings, frozen dumplings, medical food, amino acids; school menu software | Meat and bone extracts in Aji-ngon; mushroom seasoning for chay dishes | Revenue about VND 7,600 to 8,700 billion (2017 to 2019); about 60% MSG share; School Meal Project menu software (with MOET and NIN) covered 4,262 schools in 62 provinces by Nov 2022 | Parent partners with Solar Foods (supply study RGN-40); no Vietnam alt-protein activity found; its menu software prints an 'animal protein at least 48%' standard | Fungal or microbial protein as flavour-active ingredient or in frozen gyoza; fermentation partner; a lever on school menus through the software food list | Medium | Medium | 54,55,56,57,58 |
| Cholimex Food | Sauces, seasonings, frozen spring rolls and dumplings incl. chay | Chay seasoning kits and frozen chay products (supply study FORM-27) | Revenue about VND 4,050 billion and profit about VND 356 billion (2025); 2026 targets about VND 4,500 and 390 billion; Ben Luc plant, Tay Ninh (former Long An), VND 850 billion, frozen food 10,000 t/yr with EU code | None found | Domestic TVP for frozen chay dim sum and export spring rolls | Medium | Medium | 59,60,61 |
| CJ Foods Vietnam (CJ Cau Tre, bibigo) | Frozen dumplings and spring rolls incl. chay | Soy protein in bibigo mandu chay; vegetables in ha cao chay (supply study) | Kizuna plant (Can Giuoc, Tay Ninh), opened February 2022, CJ's export base for dumplings and rolls to Japan, the EU and Australia (FSSC 22000, HACCP, halal); EU supply partly moving to Hungary from late 2026 | Parent co-invested in Shiok Meats alongside Vinh Hoan (supply study); PlanTable plant-based sales target names no Vietnamese market | Domestic TVP for chay mandu | Medium | Medium | 62,63,64,65,66 |
| An Nhien Foods (Pham Gia Phat) | Chay (dried and frozen TVP analogues) | Imported soy protein concentrate (label: Serbia), TVP; non-GMO claims; Halal | Not disclosed; exports claimed | Positions on NON GMO soy | Domestic TVP and SPC, if price and spec match | High | High: SME, fast trials, but small volumes | 12,67 |
| Au Lac, Thoai An, LC Foods, SG Food, Thanh Dung and other chay makers | Chay (gluten and TVP analogues, filled wrappers) | Wheat gluten (Thoai An cha lua chay 35%), TVP granules 4 to 7 mm (LC Foods), imported TVP | Capacities not published | Au Lac exports with certifications (supply study) | Domestic TVP granules and slices; gluten-TVP blends | High | High | 68,69,70 |
| Sports-nutrition importers (e.g., Vietnam BOCCI, Nutri Sport) | Sports nutrition | Finished whey and isolate supplements | Tens of shipments per importer (commercial database) | None | Not an ingredient buyer; imports finished goods | Low | Low | 71 |
| Brenntag Vietnam, VMC Group, TDGIMEX, Barentz Vietnam | Ingredient distributors | Soy protein isolate (Brenntag listed among SPI importers), gluten, TVP | VMC claims 19 branches (supply study ingredient supplier table) | n/a | Channel partner for a domestic ingredient; not the end buyer | n/a | n/a | 71,72,73,5,6 |
| Saigon Co.op private label (Co.op Select) with co-packer GN Foods | Retailer private label, frozen chay | Wheat protein, soybean, tofu, mung bean in chay SKUs | More than 2,500 private-label SKUs from more than 100 makers; GN Foods makes all five Co.op Select frozen chay dishes (BRCGS, ISO 22000, HACCP, halal) | None on protein or plant-based | Higher-protein version of an existing chay dumpling or roll using domestic textured soy | Medium | Medium: supplier portal answers in 10 working days; retailer sets the specification | 74,75,76,77 |
| Lotte Mart private label (Choice L) | Retailer private label, frozen chay | Not recorded | 17 stores; moving into industrial towns | None found | As Co.op Select | Low | Low: maker not identified | 12,78 |
| Online chay shops (Tam Phat, Thien Duc, An Tue, Khanh An) | Dry chay pieces sold online | Soy protein and vital wheat gluten in dry 'ribs' (1 to 3 kg bags) | About 40,700 kg dry sold on Lazada (cumulative), 82% from Tam Phat; makers not named on the pages | None | Domestic textured soy or soy-gluten pieces; a direct T1 buyer group to trace | Medium | Medium: small shops, fast decisions | 44,79 |
| Kamereo | HoReCa B2B distributor (intermediary, not end buyer) | Sells tofu (37 SKUs) and domestic dry soy-gluten pieces (Panko); listed CP Meat Zero, now not orderable | More than 4,000 restaurant, cafe, hotel and shop customers (company claim); 6,176 product URLs | None | Listing for a domestic dry textured protein or chay piece aimed at kitchens | n/a | Medium: marketplace listing | 80,11,81 |
| MM Mega Market Vietnam | B2B cash and carry (intermediary) | Chay prepared foods (about 39) and tofu (31 items) from named makers | 13,591 product URLs | None found | As Kamereo | n/a | Low: listing terms unknown | 82 |
| Accor hotels in Vietnam | Hotels (showcase buyer with a published plant-based dish target) | Not known | 43 hotels, 10,662 keys (October 2024) | 50% vegetarian or plant-based dishes by 2030; Novotel 25% by 2026; counts dishes, not protein | Higher-protein chay dishes and tofu-based mains for buffets | Low to Medium | Medium: brand-level policy gives a reason to meet | 83,84 |
| ACC (Asia Ingredients Group) | Ingredient distributor and competitor | Distributes Angel Yeast yeast protein (55 to 90% protein, PDCAAS 1.0, company claims) since May 2025, with sampling and application support | Large ingredient distributor; no price or named user public | Promotes yeast protein as sustainable | n/a (a route to makers for any novel protein, and the distributor of a direct competitor to fungal biomass) | n/a | n/a | 85,86,87 |
D5.4 Segment ranking
| Rank | Segment | Spend (1 to 5) | Switching (1 to 5) | Ease of trial (1 to 5) | Required price and specification | Best-fit ingredient | Plausible first customers | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Industrial chay makers and frozen chay co-packers | 3 | 5 | 5 | Landed price at or below Chinese TVP/SPC (USD 1.24/kg FOB 2025) plus freight; no duty under ACFTA or RCEP (about USD 1.29 to 1.38 per kg landed in 2025, USD 2.0 to 2.1 per kg protein); granules 4 to 7 mm and slices; water absorption and chew; bland; non-GMO; Halal for exporters; 20 to 25 kg bags; 12 month shelf life | Domestic TVP (soy or soy-gluten); later mung bean or rice textured protein | An Nhien, Au Lac, Thoai An, LC Foods, SG Food, Thanh Dung; Cholimex and CJ Cau Tre chay lines; Vissan chay; GN Foods (Co.op Select co-packer); online dry-piece shops (Tam Phat and others); Panko | 2,8,12,75,44 |
| 2 | Plant milks and adult nutrition drinks | 3 | 4 | 3 | Pea isolate landed USD 2.0 to 8.5/kg (2025 shipments; duty-free from China, France and Canada); drinks at or below 5 g sugar per 100 ml ahead of the 2027 excise; solubility, low viscosity, UHT stability, neutral flavour; non-GMO, gluten-free, glyphosate-free documentation | Rice or mung bean protein isolate (soy-free, local); competes with pea and with yeast protein (Angel Yeast via ACC) | Vinamilk (high-protein nut milk); Vinasoy (Veyo); Nutifood (Varna Life Sua Hat); TH true NUT | 4,39,40,45,51 |
| 3 | Meat processors (gio, cha, sausage, pate, canned) | 3 | 3 | 3 | Binder: SPI parity near USD 2.0 to 2.2/kg (about USD 2.2 to 2.4 per kg protein); extender: hydrated-soy parity (about USD 2.5 to 2.7 per kg protein; USD 0.7 to 1.2 per kg dry for a 45% protein fungal biomass); fine isolate or paste at 10 to 20% in fine emulsions, up to 30% in coarse mince; gel strength, emulsification and water holding in fine pastes; bland; heat stable in retort; non-GMO documentation | Soy-free binder (mung bean protein) or fungal biomass for texture in value lines; hybrid products tested against the processor's own soy recipe | Vissan; Masan MEATLife; C.P. Vietnam; Cholimex; CJ Cau Tre | 17,3,88,7 |
| 4 | Seasoning, soup bases and flavour | 3 | 3 | 3 | Priced as flavour, not protein; umami and meaty notes; clean label | Fungal biomass or yeast-derived flavour protein; mushroom-based chay seasonings | Ajinomoto Vietnam; Masan Consumer; Cholimex | 89,54,55,17 |
| 5 | Instant noodles | 2 | 2 | 2 | TVP garnish at Chinese TVP parity; starch co-products at market price | Domestic TVP garnish; pulse starch co-product from protein fractionation | Acecook; Masan Consumer; Uniben and Asia Foods (not researched) | 35,36,37 |
| 6 | Infant formula and medical nutrition | 4 | 2 | 1 | Parity with WPC80 near USD 8.1 to 14.1/kg; infant-grade documentation; mandatory GMO label only above 5% of ingredients, so low-dose proteins escape it; high-inclusion uses and non-GMO claims remain open | Precision-fermented specialty dairy proteins (after regulatory clarity) | Nutifood; Vinamilk; other formula makers (not researched) | 2,51,90,91 |
| 7 | Bakery and snacks | 2 | 1 | 2 | Egg-white parity near USD 5.9/kg (2025) with whipping and binding function; yeast protein already offered by ACC | Fungal or plant egg-replacer for cakes (function-led) | Orion Vina; Mondelez Kinh Do and Bibica (not researched) | 2,53,85 |
| 8 | Sports nutrition | 1 | 1 | 1 | n/a | None near term | None | 71 |
D5.5 Vissan label audit
Online ingredient lists for 118 Vissan processed products (84 with a published list), September 2026. Label presence says nothing about inclusion level. Vissan prints the named meat's percentage on 28 of 29 unique meat-named formulations, at 27 to 65% named lean across 21 processed-meat formulations, as the goods-label rule requires (now Decree 37/2026, which replaced Decree 43/2017); no national standard sets a minimum meat content 20,92,93,17 .
| Product | Category | Chay | Retail price, VND | List published | Soy protein | Wheat gluten or protein | Milk protein | Egg white powder | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HOTDOG WOW 33G | sterilised sausage | no | 4500 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| HOTDOG WOW VỊ CAY 33G | sterilised sausage | no | 4500 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| XXTT BOOM BOOM 23G_5 cây/gói | sterilised sausage | no | 11900 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| XXTT BOOM BOOM 18G CA NHỰA - 50 CÂY - 900G | sterilised sausage | no | 88000 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| XX DINH DƯỠNG GOLDEN 3 | sterilised sausage | no | 18600 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| XÚC XÍCH TRỘN ĐỀU XỐT MAYONNAISE VỊ CÀ CHUA VISSAN 62G_4 CÂY | sterilised sausage | no | 8900 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| XÚC XÍCH TRỘN ĐỀU XỐT TAMARIND VISSAN 62G_4 CÂY | sterilised sausage | no | 8900 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| XÚC XÍCH TRỘN ĐỀU XỐT CHANH DÂY VISSAN 62G_4 CÂY | sterilised sausage | no | 8900 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| XÚC XÍCH TRỘN ĐỀU XỐT BBQ VISSAN 62G_4 CÂY | sterilised sausage | no | 8900 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| XÚC XÍCH LẮC KÊU VỊ BƠ TỎI VISSAN 56G_4 CÂY | sterilised sausage | no | 8900 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| XÚC XÍCH LẮC KÊU VỊ PHÔ MAI VISSAN 56G_4 CÂY | sterilised sausage | no | 8900 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Xúc xích tiệt trùng Boom Boom 23g/cây_50 cây/hũ | sterilised sausage | no | 93900 | yes | yes | yes | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích tiệt trùng phô mai 35g/cây_5 cây/gói | sterilised sausage | no | 18400 | yes | yes | yes | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích tiệt trùng Bò 18g/cây_5 cây/gói | sterilised sausage | no | 8900 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích Dinh Dưỡng DHA Bò 35g/cây_5 cây/gói | sterilised sausage | no | 19500 | yes | yes | no | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích tiệt trùng Bò 40g/cây_4 cây/gói | sterilised sausage | no | 16900 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích tiệt trùng Bò 70g/cây_4 cây/gói | sterilised sausage | no | 32000 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích tiệt trùng Heo 18g/cây_5 cây/gói | sterilised sausage | no | 8900 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích Dinh Dưỡng DHA Heo 35g/cây_5 cây/gói | sterilised sausage | no | 19500 | yes | yes | no | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích tiệt trùng Heo 40g/cây_4 cây/gói | sterilised sausage | no | 16900 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích tiệt trùng Heo 70g/cây_4 cây/gói | sterilised sausage | no | 32000 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| CHẢ CHIÊN 250G | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 49500 | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | 17 |
| Giò lụa đặc biệt 500g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 112900 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| CHẢ CHIÊN 500G | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 98000 | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | 17 |
| GIÒ BÌ ỚT XIÊM 450g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 103000 | yes | no | yes | no | no | 17 |
| CHẢ LỤA THỦ QUE VISSAN 40G*2 | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 9000 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| CHẢ BÒ BÌ QUE VISSAN 40G*2 | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 10500 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| CHẢ BÒ QUE VISSAN 40G*2 | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 10500 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| CHẢ LỤA BÌ ỚT XIÊM VISSAN 40G*2 | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 9000 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Giò Sụn Ớt Xiêm Xanh 500g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 113500 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Giò hoa 500g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 111000 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Chả bò hương vị Đà Nẵng 500g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 157100 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Giò bò 500g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 111400 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Giò bò 250g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 56200 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Giò lụa Hương Việt 500g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 89200 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Giò lụa Hương Quê 500g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 62100 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Giò thủ 500g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 85000 | yes | no | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Giò thủ 250g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 42500 | yes | no | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Giò lụa thủ 500g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 92800 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Giò lụa thủ 250g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 46400 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Giò lụa bì 500g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 92800 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Giò lụa bì 250g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 46400 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Giò lụa 500g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 103100 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Giò lụa 250g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 52600 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Giò lụa lá chuối 500g | gio and cha (meat loaf and paste) | no | 108000 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| PATE GAN GÀ 150G (MUA 1 NHẬN 2) | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 20000 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Cá xốt cà 170g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 15700 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| CÁ NGỪ XỐT CAY 170G - (MUA 2 NHẬN 3) | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 45000 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Pate Gan 3 Bông Mai 150g (MUA 2 NHẬN 3) | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 17500 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| MẮM CHƯNG TRỨNG VỊT MUỐI 150G - (MUA 2 NHẬN 3) | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 32500 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| CHẢ ĐÙM 150G --- (MUA 2 NHẬN 3) | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 32500 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| XÍU MẠI XỐT CÀ 150G | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 25500 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| SƯỜN NẤU ĐẬU 170G (LON IN) | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 26500 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| HEO 2 LÁT VISSAN 150G | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 26500 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Patê thịt đặc biệt 170g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 30900 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Nước xương hầm 820ml (MUA 1 NHẬN 2) | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 39300 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Thịt gà xốt mayonnaise 85g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 12600 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Cá ngừ xốt mayonnaise 85g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 12600 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Patê thịt bò 3 Bông Mai 150g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 16700 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Patê thịt heo 3 Bông Mai 150g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 17300 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Dăm bông 3 Bông Mai 150g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 20000 | yes | yes | no | no | no | 17 |
| Patê gan Hảo vị 150g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 14000 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Cá xốt cà Mai Vàng 150g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 12900 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Cá kho thịt 3 Bông Mai 150g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 17600 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Gà hầm 150g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 17300 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| BÒ HẦM VISSAN 150G | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 39900 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Bò 2 lát 3 Bông Mai 150g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 14700 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Heo 2 lát 3 Bông Mai 150g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 15700 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Heo hầm 3 Bông Mai 150g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 21500 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| HEO HẦM VISSAN 150G | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 30400 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| PATE THỊT HEO VISSAN 170G | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 31400 | yes | yes | no | no | no | 17 |
| PATE GAN HEO VISSAN 170G | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 24500 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Cá ngừ xốt dầu 170g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 40500 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Bò xay 170g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 33000 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| BÒ 2 LÁT VISSAN 170G | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 31900 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Patê thịt bò đặc biệt 170g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 41300 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Heo hầm chay 150g | canned meat, fish and pate | yes | 14100 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Ca-ri gà chay 170g | canned meat, fish and pate | yes | 13500 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Ragu bò chay 170g | canned meat, fish and pate | yes | 14100 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Bò nấu đậu chay 170g - (MUA 2 NHẬN 3) | canned meat, fish and pate | yes | 17500 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Jambon 170g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 26500 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Bò kho 200g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 31800 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Bò nấu đậu 280g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 43100 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Heo hầm 280g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 40300 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Bò kho 397g - (MUA 2 NHẬN 3) | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 50600 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Bò hầm 397g | canned meat, fish and pate | no | 82100 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| MỌC NẤM VIÊN VISSAN 500G | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 82000 | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | 17 |
| MỌC NẤM VIÊN VISSAN 250G | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 41500 | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | 17 |
| MỠ HEO BẾP VIỆT 300G (MUA 1 NHẬN 2) | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 43000 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| XÚC XÍCH BAVARIA VỊ CAY 500G | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 74900 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| XÚC XÍCH BAVARIA 500G | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 74900 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Dồi Sụn Giòn 500g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 87500 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Dồi Sụn Giòn 250g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 44300 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| XX Sụn Giòn 250g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 32700 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| XX Sụn Giòn 500g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 63400 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| XX Lucky phô mai 500g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 61600 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| XX Lucky phô mai 250g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 32000 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Giò heo xông khói 500g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 137500 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| PATE GAN FOIE 150g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 17700 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích hồ lô 200g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 30200 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích tỏi 200g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 33600 | yes | yes | no | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích Funny 500g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 51500 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích Happy 500g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 66000 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích Lucky 500g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 83000 | yes | no | yes | yes | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích Lucky 250g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 42000 | yes | no | yes | yes | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích Phô mai 200g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 34800 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Xúc xích Cocktail 200g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 36200 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Jambon Standard 100g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 21000 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Jambon Choix 100g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 22900 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Jambon xông khói 100g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 24700 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Jambon da bao 300g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 60000 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Jambon da bao 200g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 40700 | no | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 |
| Nem chua 500g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 91300 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Nem chua 200g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 37200 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Nem chua 100g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 18600 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
| Dồi thịt heo 500g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 106200 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Dồi thịt heo 200g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 43200 | yes | yes | no | yes | no | 17 |
| Ba rọi xông khói 100g | cold cuts and chilled sausage | no | 31900 | yes | no | no | no | no | 17 |
Related: Business buyers, S1. Directory.
Sources cited on this page
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