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Chương 19 · Phần VMới trong ấn bản 1.1Tầm nhìn, không phải dự báo

19. Vietnam 2050: a vision for a measured, efficient and diversified protein supply

A normative vision, clearly labelled as such: by 2050 Vietnam knows its protein balance, needs about 7 to 9 Mt (7.0 to 8.8 Mt) of imported soybean meal rather than 10.4 Mt on trend, makes 4 to 8% of its high-protein feed protein from microbes grown on Vietnamese carbohydrate and residues, increasingly with clean power, sources 15 to 50% of its aquafeed omega-3 from non-marine oils, and holds a regional role in contract fermentation and aquafeed ingredients. The vision is anchored on Vietnam's own 2050 plans for power, hydrogen and emissions and on what other countries have actually achieved. Backcast milestones are tied to the five-year plans from 2026 to 2050.

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Trong trang này
  1. 19.1 Why a vision, and why this framing
  2. 19.2 The vision
  3. 19.3 Five pillars
  4. 19.4 Vision indicators
  5. 19.5 Working backwards: milestones by five-year plan
  6. 19.6 The map in 2050
  7. 19.7 How the vision fares in each world
  8. 19.8 What would make us revise it
  9. 19.9 What this means

In one paragraph. Chapters 15 to 18 explore what might happen. This chapter says what could be aimed for. It sets out one normative vision for Vietnam's protein supply in 2050 and works backwards to milestones in each five-year plan. The vision is deliberately led by feed security and industry, the framing that has proved most durable abroad, rather than by diet change, which is outside this study's scope. It asks for five things: measure the protein balance; economise on imported protein through feed efficiency and formulation; diversify sources with microbial protein and non-marine omega-3; specialise in the regional niches where Vietnam has an edge; and decarbonise and climate-proof the new capacity. Every number is a range drawn from Vietnam's own 2050 plans, from the balance model and from what other countries have achieved. No country we checked has a protein plan that reaches 2050; this one would be unusually long-range, and it should be reviewed at each five-year plan.

19.1 Why a vision, and why this framing

  • Nobody has a protein plan to 2050. Protein horizons abroad mostly stop at 2030 to 2035: the EU, Canada and Singapore at 2035, Japan's basic plan at FY2030, and China, Israel and the Netherlands at 2030. Japan's MIDORI strategy (2050) and Denmark's land deal (2045) reach further but carry no protein indicator 1,2,3,4,5,6 . The one exception we found is a Japanese food-tech investment roadmap to 2040, reported only in the press, with about JPY 1 trillion for novel foods 7 .
  • Vietnam's official 2050 plans cover inputs, not protein. Non-hydro renewables at 74 to 75% of power, 10 to 20 Mt of clean hydrogen a year, an agricultural emissions cap of 56 MtCO2e and net zero are all official 2050 numbers; no official meat, feed or protein number goes beyond 2030 8,9,10,11,12 (official targets). A protein vision can anchor on those inputs.
  • Security framing lasts; climate framing has faded. The EU's July 2026 plan is titled for resilience and strategic autonomy; Japan and Korea state targets as food security; Singapore left alternative protein out of its food-security targets for cost and acceptance reasons 1,4,3 .
  • Plans without a statistic cannot be judged. The Dutch protein strategy published no quantitative targets, Canada's roadmap has no published progress report and Denmark's action plan has no indicators; Japan, the EU and China are tracked even when they miss 13,2,14,15,4,1 .
  • Backcasting works only when embedded. Reviews name follow-up and monitoring as the weak link; a Dutch novel-protein backcast in the 1990s seeded a research programme, yet the country's 2020 strategy still lacked measurable targets 16,13 .
2035 (one press-reported exception to 2040)
Tầm xa nhất của các kế hoạch quốc gia về đạm
2026 review
Bối cảnh và nguồn

EU, Canada and Singapore stop at 2035; Japan at FY2030; China, Israel and the Netherlands at 2030. Japan's MIDORI (2050) and Denmark's land deal (2045) carry no protein indicator. One exception: a Japanese food-tech investment roadmap to 2040, reported only in the press (Low confidence). 1,2,3,4,5

19.2 The vision

19.3 Five pillars

PillarWhat it means by 2050Headline indicator (2050)Why it is credibleSources
MeasureA yearly national protein and feed balance with soybean-meal inclusion and feed conversion by species; a domestic-origin share of feed protein tracked against a 2028 baseline Domestic-origin share 11 to 22 points above the 2028 baseline0.5 to 1 point a year from 2028, close to the EU's target pace of about 0.9; Japan's flat record as the downside1,17
EconomiseFeed efficiency and formulation hold imported protein near today's level per unit of output Soybean-meal need 7.0 to 8.8 Mt, against 10.4 on trendChina cut soybean-meal share 0.14 to 0.45 points a year (2017 to 2025); Norway cut marine share of salmon feed 2.6 points a year (1990 to 2013)18,19,20
DiversifyMicrobial protein and non-marine omega-3 become normal feed ingredients Microbial feed protein 4 to 8% of high-protein feed protein; non-marine omega-3 15 to 50% of aquafeed EPA plus DHANorway reached 0.4% novel ingredients in 2020; the upper end is a stretch above any analogue; algal and oilseed oils are commercial21,22,23,24
SpecialiseRegional niches where Vietnam has an edge: cassava fermentation sugar; aquafeed functional ingredients for shrimp and pangasius; tolling on existing tanks; cultivated seafood cells from Vietnamese species in the 2040s Named regional products and hubsExisting MSG, lysine and yeast tanks; large shrimp and pangasius feed markets in one delta (Ca Mau, including former Bac Lieu, farmed about 46% of national shrimp output in 2025, our calculation)25,26,27
Decarbonise and adaptNew capacity built increasingly on residue carbon and clean power, on climate-proof sites; agriculture within its emissions cap Agriculture at or below 56 MtCO2e; every new alternative-protein plant shown lower-carbon than the protein it replaces, on a published methodOfficial 2050 cap and power plan; our carbon test in chapter 1611,8,28

19.4 Vision indicators

Indicator2030203520402050Trend (for comparison)
Soybean-meal import need, Mt7.8 to 8.38.1 to 9.07.8 to 9.27.0 to 8.88.5 / 9.5 / 10.0 / 10.4
Microbial (non-insect) feed protein, share of high-protein feed proteinabout 1% (about 50 kt of protein)1 to 3%2 to 4%4 to 8%near 0
Domestic-origin share of feed protein, points above the 2028 baselinebaseline published+3.5 to +7+6 to +12+11 to +22flat
Non-marine share of aquafeed omega-3first qualified oils in shrimp and marine-fish feedsrisingrising15 to 50%near 0
Public protein and feed-innovation line, USD a year5 to 15 Msame or higherreviewreviewabout 6 M (feed scheme)
Open food-grade pilot fermentation capacity10,000 to 30,000 Lexpand on demandreviewreviewnone

Vision values: ; the trend column is our model estimate . Values are drawn from the balance model and the benchmarks in protein_strategies_benchmark.csv 29,1,21,15,30,31 . The 2050 microbial share at the top of its range matches the balance model's S-ALT scenario, which sits above every real-world analogue; it is a stretch, not a target to be judged on alone.

7 to 9 Mt, against 10.4 Mt on trend
Tầm nhìn: nhu cầu khô đậu tương năm 2050
visionTính toán của nhóm nghiên cứuTầm nhìn, không phải dự báo
Bối cảnh và nguồn

Normative goal, not a forecast: a credible ambitious range based on the efficiency and alternative-protein scenarios and on China's and Norway's achieved pace. Holding imports at 7.2 Mt is a stretch. 29,20,19

4 to 8% of high-protein feed protein
Tầm nhìn: tỷ lệ đạm vi sinh trong thức ăn năm 2050
visionTính toán của nhóm nghiên cứuTầm nhìn, không phải dự báo
Bối cảnh và nguồn

Normative goal: about 1% by 2030, 1 to 3% by 2035, 2 to 4% by 2040. No national feed system has reached 1% novel protein; Norway was at 0.4% in 2020. The top of the range is a stretch. 21,22,29

15 to 50% of EPA plus DHA
Tầm nhìn: omega-3 không từ biển trong thức ăn thủy sản năm 2050
visionTính toán của nhóm nghiên cứuTầm nhìn, không phải dự báo
Bối cảnh và nguồn

Normative goal based on commercial algal and oilseed omega-3 oils; omega-3 canola oil has replaced all fish oil in low-fishmeal shrimp diets without growth loss. 23,24,32

19.5 Working backwards: milestones by five-year plan

The milestones are tied to Vietnam's planning cycle, so that each socio-economic plan can adopt, adjust or drop them. Full list: vision_milestones.csv (22 milestones).

Plan periodMilestones Benchmarks that make them plausible
2026 to 2030First national protein and feed balance by 2028, then yearly. New-food procedure with statutory timelines and reliance on reference regulators; aquafeed entries for microbial biomass and algal oils (2027 to 2028). Fermentation and feed-protein sites named in the MAE biotechnology-cluster plan (due December 2026). A dedicated USD 5 to 15 M a year protein line. One open food-grade pilot plant of 10,000 to 30,000 L by 2030. Soybean-meal need at or below about 8.3 Mt and microbial feed protein about 1% in 2030.EU balance-sheet guidance; Korea's rule change in about nine months (Region); Denmark, Germany and Canada budgets; ScaleUp Bio and EECi pilot plants 1,15,33,34,35,36
2031 to 2035Successor livestock and fisheries strategies carry protein-balance targets for 2035 to 2040. Soybean-meal need 8.1 to 9.0 Mt against 9.5 on trend. Microbial feed protein 1 to 3%. Domestic-origin share 3.5 to 7 points above baseline. First full review of the vision against the scenario signposts (2035).EU 2035 feed-protein target; JRC stress-test logic 1,37,38
2036 to 2040Soybean-meal need 7.8 to 9.2 Mt; microbial feed protein 2 to 4%. Residue carbon and clean power supply a growing share of new fermentation capacity: most of it only if cellulosic or one-carbon sugar works (without that, residues cover about 8 to 16% of the S-ALT sugar need in 2040).Balance model; the chapter 16 windows 29,39
2041 to 2045Aligned with the official 2045 goals, which are official targets rather than part of our vision : biotechnology at 10 to 15% of GDP (Resolution 36) and developed, high-income status (Resolution 109/NQ-CP). Cellulosic or one-carbon sugar at modest scale if an Asian plant has proved the technology. If the five conditions of chapter 16 align, the first commercial protein-from-power plant on the Mekong shrimp coast.Official 2045 goals; the chapter 16 windows and conditions 40,41,39,42
2046 to 2050Soybean-meal need 7.0 to 8.8 Mt against 10.4 on trend; microbial feed protein 4 to 8%; non-marine oils supply 15 to 50% of aquafeed omega-3; domestic-origin share 11 to 22 points above baseline; agriculture within its 56 MtCO2e cap.Balance model; China and Norway analogues; official cap 29,20,11

Vietnam 2050: milestones by five-year plan

A normative vision, not a forecast; values are ranges

Vietnam 2050: milestones by five-year planTimeline of 22 milestones from 2026 to 2050 in lanes by pillar: a protein balance and new-food route by 2028; about 1% microbial feed protein and an open pilot plant by 2030; soybean-meal need 7.0 to 8.8 Mt, 4 to 8% microbial feed protein and 15 to 50% non-marine omega-3 by 2050.Vision, not forecast2026 to 202820302035204020452050Measure2026 to 2028, Measure: First national protein and feed balance published, then yearly Balance published: Yes, by 2028 Indicator: Balance published Trend comparison: None exists Benchmark: EU balance-sheet guidance; Japan annual KPI checksYes, by 2028Balancepublished2030, Measure: Successor livestock and fisheries strategies carry protein-balance targets for 2035 to 2040 Targets in strategy: Yes Indicator: Targets in strategy Trend comparison: Targets stop at 2030 Benchmark: EU 2035 feed-protein targetYesTargets instrategy2035, Measure: Domestic-origin share of feed protein rises from the published baseline Percentage points above baseline: +3.5 to +7 Indicator: Percentage points above baseline Trend comparison: Flat (Japan record) Benchmark: EU pace (+0.9 points a year) as the top+3.5 to +7Percentagepoints abovebaseline2050, Measure: Domestic-origin share of feed protein Percentage points above 2028 baseline: +11 to +22 Indicator: Percentage points above 2028 baseline Trend comparison: Flat Benchmark: EU pace as the top+11 to +22Percentagepoints above2028…Rules2026 to 2028, Rules: New-food procedure with statutory timelines and reliance; aquafeed raw-material entries for microbial biomass and algal oils Procedure in force: By 2027 to 2028 Indicator: Procedure in force Trend comparison: No procedure Benchmark: Korea amended a rule in about nine monthsBy 2027 to2028Procedure inforcePlaces2026 to 2028, Places: Fermentation and feed-protein sites named in the MAE biotechnology-cluster plan Named sites: December 2026 to 2027 Indicator: Named sites Trend comparison: Map blank Benchmark: Thailand EECi; India BioE3 hubsDecember2026 to 2027Named sites2030, Places: One open food-grade pilot plant operating Litres of open pilot capacity: 10,000 to 30,000 L Indicator: Litres of open pilot capacity Trend comparison: None Benchmark: ScaleUp Bio; EECi10,000 to30,000 LLitres ofopen pilotcapacityMoney2026 to 2028, Money: Dedicated public protein and feed-innovation line USD a year: 5 to 15 M Indicator: USD a year Trend comparison: About 6 M a year in the feed scheme Benchmark: Denmark, Germany, Canada5 to 15 MUSD a yearEconomise2030, Economise: Soybean-meal import need held near the efficiency path Mt soybean meal: 7.8 to 8.3 Indicator: Mt soybean meal Trend comparison: 8.5 on trend Benchmark: China formulation pace7.8 to 8.3Mt soybeanmeal2035, Economise: Soybean-meal need below trend Mt soybean meal: 8.1 to 9.0 Indicator: Mt soybean meal Trend comparison: 9.5 on trend Benchmark: EU target pace8.1 to 9.0Mt soybeanmeal2040, Economise: Soybean-meal need below trend Mt soybean meal: 7.8 to 9.2 Indicator: Mt soybean meal Trend comparison: 10.0 on trend Benchmark: Balance model S-EFF to S-ALT7.8 to 9.2Mt soybeanmeal2050, Economise: Soybean-meal need well below trend Mt soybean meal: 7.0 to 8.8 Indicator: Mt soybean meal Trend comparison: 10.4 on trend Benchmark: Balance model; China and Norway analogues7.0 to 8.8Mt soybeanmealDiversify2030, Diversify: Microbial (non-insect) feed protein in use Share of high-protein feed protein: About 1% (about 50 kt of protein; about nine times Entobel's current Vietnamese capacity of 11 kt a year) Indicator: Share of high-protein feed protein Trend comparison: Near 0 Benchmark: Norway 0.4% (2020)About 1%(about 50 ktof protein;about nine…Share ofhigh-proteinfeed protein2035, Diversify: Microbial feed protein grows with fishmeal parity Share of high-protein feed protein: 1 to 3% Indicator: Share of high-protein feed protein Trend comparison: Near 0 Benchmark: No national analogue above 1%1 to 3%Share ofhigh-proteinfeed protein2040, Diversify: Microbial feed protein Share of high-protein feed protein: 2 to 4% Indicator: Share of high-protein feed protein Trend comparison: Near 0 Benchmark: Balance model S-ALT (4.4%)2 to 4%Share ofhigh-proteinfeed protein2045, Diversify: Power-to-protein at commercial scale on the Mekong shrimp coast, if the five conditions have aligned Plants operating: At least one (conditional) Indicator: Plants operating Trend comparison: None Benchmark: Chapter 16 conditionsAt least one(conditional)Plantsoperating2050, Diversify: Microbial feed protein Share of high-protein feed protein: 4 to 8% Indicator: Share of high-protein feed protein Trend comparison: Near 0 Benchmark: Stretch: above any analogue today4 to 8%Share ofhigh-proteinfeed protein2050, Diversify: Non-marine omega-3 in aquafeed Share of aquafeed EPA plus DHA: 15 to 50% Indicator: Share of aquafeed EPA plus DHA Trend comparison: Near 0 Benchmark: Algal and oilseed oils commercial today15 to 50%Share ofaquafeedEPA plus…Specialise2045, Specialise: Aligned with official 2045 goals (official targets, not part of our vision): biotechnology at 10 to 15% of GDP (Resolution 36); developed, high-income status (Resolution 109/NQ-CP) Official goals: Biotech 10 to 15% of GDP (undefined statistic); high income Indicator: Official goals Trend comparison: n/a Benchmark: Official 2045 goalsBiotech 10to 15% ofGDP(undefined…Official goalsDecarbonise2040, Decarbonise: Residue carbon and clean power supply a growing share of new fermentation capacity Share of new capacity: Growing; a majority only if cellulosic or one-carbon sugar works Indicator: Share of new capacity Trend comparison: Cassava and grid power Benchmark: Power plan: 74 to 75% non-hydro renewables by 2050Growing; amajority onlyif cellulosicor…Share of newcapacity2050, Decarbonise: Agriculture within its 56 MtCO2e cap, with feed protein counted in the plan MtCO2e: 56 or less Indicator: MtCO2e Trend comparison: 104.5 in 2020 Benchmark: Official cap56 or lessMtCO2eReview2035, Review: First full review of the vision against the scenario signposts Review published: Yes Indicator: Review published Trend comparison: None Benchmark: JRC stress test; FAO triggersYesReviewpublished

Periods follow Vietnam's five-year plans.

Nguồn: 1,21,29,11

Xem số liệuẨn số liệu
Vietnam 2050: milestones by five-year plan
PeriodPillarMilestoneIndicatorValue or rangeTrend comparisonBenchmark
2026 to 2028MeasureFirst national protein and feed balance published, then yearlyBalance publishedYes, by 2028None existsEU balance-sheet guidance; Japan annual KPI checks
2026 to 2028RulesNew-food procedure with statutory timelines and reliance; aquafeed raw-material entries for microbial biomass and algal oilsProcedure in forceBy 2027 to 2028No procedureKorea amended a rule in about nine months
2026 to 2028PlacesFermentation and feed-protein sites named in the MAE biotechnology-cluster planNamed sitesDecember 2026 to 2027Map blankThailand EECi; India BioE3 hubs
2026 to 2028MoneyDedicated public protein and feed-innovation lineUSD a year5 to 15 MAbout 6 M a year in the feed schemeDenmark, Germany, Canada
2030EconomiseSoybean-meal import need held near the efficiency pathMt soybean meal7.8 to 8.38.5 on trendChina formulation pace
2030DiversifyMicrobial (non-insect) feed protein in useShare of high-protein feed proteinAbout 1% (about 50 kt of protein; about nine times Entobel's current Vietnamese capacity of 11 kt a year)Near 0Norway 0.4% (2020)
2030PlacesOne open food-grade pilot plant operatingLitres of open pilot capacity10,000 to 30,000 LNoneScaleUp Bio; EECi
2030MeasureSuccessor livestock and fisheries strategies carry protein-balance targets for 2035 to 2040Targets in strategyYesTargets stop at 2030EU 2035 feed-protein target
2035EconomiseSoybean-meal need below trendMt soybean meal8.1 to 9.09.5 on trendEU target pace
2035DiversifyMicrobial feed protein grows with fishmeal parityShare of high-protein feed protein1 to 3%Near 0No national analogue above 1%
2035MeasureDomestic-origin share of feed protein rises from the published baselinePercentage points above baseline+3.5 to +7Flat (Japan record)EU pace (+0.9 points a year) as the top
2035ReviewFirst full review of the vision against the scenario signpostsReview publishedYesNoneJRC stress test; FAO triggers
2040EconomiseSoybean-meal need below trendMt soybean meal7.8 to 9.210.0 on trendBalance model S-EFF to S-ALT
2040DiversifyMicrobial feed proteinShare of high-protein feed protein2 to 4%Near 0Balance model S-ALT (4.4%)
2040DecarboniseResidue carbon and clean power supply a growing share of new fermentation capacityShare of new capacityGrowing; a majority only if cellulosic or one-carbon sugar worksCassava and grid powerPower plan: 74 to 75% non-hydro renewables by 2050
2045SpecialiseAligned with official 2045 goals (official targets, not part of our vision): biotechnology at 10 to 15% of GDP (Resolution 36); developed, high-income status (Resolution 109/NQ-CP)Official goalsBiotech 10 to 15% of GDP (undefined statistic); high incomen/aOfficial 2045 goals
2045DiversifyPower-to-protein at commercial scale on the Mekong shrimp coast, if the five conditions have alignedPlants operatingAt least one (conditional)NoneChapter 16 conditions
2050EconomiseSoybean-meal need well below trendMt soybean meal7.0 to 8.810.4 on trendBalance model; China and Norway analogues
2050DiversifyMicrobial feed proteinShare of high-protein feed protein4 to 8%Near 0Stretch: above any analogue today
2050DiversifyNon-marine omega-3 in aquafeedShare of aquafeed EPA plus DHA15 to 50%Near 0Algal and oilseed oils commercial today
2050MeasureDomestic-origin share of feed proteinPercentage points above 2028 baseline+11 to +22FlatEU pace as the top
2050DecarboniseAgriculture within its 56 MtCO2e cap, with feed protein counted in the planMtCO2e56 or less104.5 in 2020Official cap

19.6 The map in 2050

The vision has a geography. Six candidate hubs open at different times (Y. Targets and hubs, candidate_hubs.csv) :

  • Ho Chi Minh City with Dong Nai: pilot plants, tolling and food-grade fermentation, now to 2035; the only hub where most assets already operate 43,25 .
  • The Mekong river belt (Dong Thap, Can Tho, An Giang): feed ingredients and side streams from pangasius and rice, 2027 to 2035 27,44 .
  • Tay Ninh (former Long An and Tay Ninh): fermentation sugar from cassava, 2028 to 2040, with the most vacant industrial land in the south in 2026, but not enough roots to carry a national sugar route alone 45,46 .
  • The Mekong shrimp coast (Ca Mau, Vinh Long): aquafeed plus hydrogen, demonstration 2032 to 2035 and scale 2040 to 2045, on raised sites that use surface water 26,47,48 .
  • The north (Hanoi, Hoa Lac): research and a future biofoundry now; industry in the 2040s 49,50 .
  • The south-central coast (Khanh Hoa, Lam Dong): the best long-run solar and hatchery-feed niches, 2035 to 2050 51,52 .

19.7 How the vision fares in each world

PillarA. Regional workshopB. Comfortable price-takerC. Security build-outD. Squeezed importer
MeasureAchievableAchievableAchievableAchievable
EconomiseAchievableAchievableAchievable, and urgentAchievable, and carries most of the load
DiversifyLower half of the rangeBottom of the range, mostly importedUpper half of the rangeLower half, partly imported
SpecialiseStrongestWeakStrongNarrow (local niches)
Decarbonise and adaptAchievableAchievableAchievable if clean power is deliveredAchievable, at higher cost

Our judgement from Scenarios 2050 . Three of the five pillars are achievable in every world. The diversification and specialisation pillars depend on the world, which is why their milestones are ranges and why the vision needs a review cycle.

19.8 What would make us revise it

  • Upwards: fishmeal above USD 2,500 per t for 12 months; an ASEAN reliance mechanism for novel foods; delivered green hydrogen below USD 2 per kg in southern Vietnam; a working cellulosic sugar plant in Asia.
  • Downwards: a sustained soy glut; Chinese export dumping of microbial protein; a serious novel-food safety scandal in Asia; no feed-protein balance published by 2030.
  • Review cycle: at each five-year plan (2030, 2035, 2040, 2045), using the 16 signposts in signposts_2050.csv and the method in U. Futures method. Vietnam's own foresight studies advise small, high-quality scenario workshops because statistics are thin 53 . Vietnam 2035, written jointly by the World Bank and the planning ministry, is the precedent for a jointly authored national vision 54 .

19.9 What this means

  • Policy makers: the 2026 to 2030 milestones are small, cheap and mostly administrative: a statistic, a route, a named site, a budget line and a pilot plant. The successor livestock and fisheries strategies (before 2030) are the natural home for protein-balance targets.
  • International bodies: the balance sheet and the review cycle are where technical assistance adds most; the EU's new balance-sheet method is a ready template.
  • Investors: the vision implies microbial feed-protein capacity of about nine times Entobel's current Vietnamese insect-meal capacity by 2030, and a regional contract-fermentation niche; the protein-from-power opportunity is a 2040s option.
  • Manufacturers: the vision's largest single lever is yours: feed efficiency and formulation. Sharing anonymised inclusion and conversion data is the first step.
  • Startups and researchers: the vision rewards process know-how on Vietnamese feedstocks, strains and species, not generic platforms.

Related: Robust moves (the moves that deliver the 2026 to 2030 milestones), Policy options (edition 1.0 policy options), Y. Targets and hubs.

Nguồn được trích dẫn trong trang

Toàn bộ nguồn (Phụ lục T)

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  27. HUB-13 VnEconomy. Ngành cá tra chuyển tư duy từ 'sản lượng' sang 'giá trị cao'. 31 Dec 2025
  28. CLM-13 Minderhoud P.S.J. et al.. Impacts of 25 years of groundwater extraction on subsidence in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. 2017
  29. QNT-01 OECD and FAO. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2026-2035, data via the OECD SDMX API, dataflow OECD.TAD.ATM DSD_AGR@DF_OUTLOOK_2026_2035 version 1.1. June 2026
  30. VIS-04 The Plant Base. Denmark confirms details of world-first tax on agricultural emissions, commits to long-term plant-based food advocacy. 21 Nov 2024
  31. NTS-23 Prime Minister. Quyết định 1625/QĐ-TTg, Đề án Phát triển công nghiệp chế biến thức ăn chăn nuôi đến năm 2030. 15 Dec 2023
  32. AQF-24 Feed Strategy. Plant-based fish oil alternatives growing fast in aquafeed. 1 Jun 2021
  33. VIS-24 BMEL (German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture). Eiweißpflanzenstrategie
  34. VIS-06 Good Food Institute. 2026 State of Global Policy: public investment in protein diversification. April 2026
  35. RGN-36 EECi. Biorefinery Pilot Plant
  36. HUB-09 Ministry of Science and Technology portal. Công nghiệp sinh học mở rộng dư địa đóng góp cho nông nghiệp và môi trường. 21 Aug 2026
  37. VIS-35 Bock A.-K., Bontoux L.. Food safety and nutrition: how to prepare for a challenging future? New approaches for using scenarios for policy-making. 2017
  38. NTS-05 Government. Nghị quyết 85/NQ-CP, Chương trình hành động thực hiện Kết luận 219-KL/TW (26 Nov 2025). 4 Apr 2026
  39. NGF-11 ChiniMandi. India's first 2G ethanol plant at Panipat costs INR 984 crore, government tells Lok Sabha. 2026
  40. NTS-01 Party Central Committee. Nghị quyết 36-NQ/TW về phát triển và ứng dụng công nghệ sinh học phục vụ phát triển bền vững đất nước trong tình hình mới. 30 Jan 2023
  41. NTS-28 Government. Nghị quyết 41/NQ-CP (11 Mar 2026) and 109/NQ-CP (16 Apr 2026), Chương trình hành động thực hiện Nghị quyết Đại hội XIV. 11 Mar 2026
  42. FTG-01 Fasihi, M., Jouzi, F., Tervasmaki, P., et al.. Global potential of sustainable single-cell protein based on variable renewable electricity. 2025
  43. HUB-06 Báo Công Thương. TP. Hồ Chí Minh: Thành lập Khu thương mại tự do gắn với cảng biển Cái Mép Hạ. 23 Jul 2026
  44. HUB-14 Nhân Dân. Bước chuyển bền vững cho ngành hàng thủy sản chiến lược. 7 Jun 2026
  45. FS-03 Nông nghiệp và Môi trường. Bã sắn cứu cánh ngành chế biến tinh bột sắn. 17 December 2024
  46. COST-21 Cushman & Wakefield. Southern Key Economic Zone Industrial MarketBeat Q2 2026. 2026
  47. HUB-05 CafeLand (from Thanh Niên Việt). Tiến độ mới nhất về nhà máy sản xuất hydro xanh hơn 7.800 tỷ tại Vĩnh Long. 7 May 2026
  48. CLM-14 Minderhoud P.S.J., Middelkoop H., Erkens G., Stouthamer E.. Groundwater extraction may drown mega-delta: projections of extraction-induced subsidence and elevation of the Mekong delta for the 21st century. Dec 2019
  49. HUB-19 Báo Chính phủ. Thành lập Khu Công nghệ cao sinh học Hà Nội. 30 Sep 2024
  50. HUB-20 VietnamPlus. Hà Nội phê duyệt Quy hoạch phân khu xây dựng Khu công nghệ cao Sinh học. 4 Jun 2025
  51. HUB-02 Tạp chí Năng lượng Việt Nam. Phê duyệt Kế hoạch thực hiện Điều chỉnh Quy hoạch điện VIII. 2025
  52. HUB-23 Nông nghiệp và Môi trường. Thủ phủ tôm giống công nghệ cao: [Bài 1] Chiếm hơn 30% sản lượng con giống cả nước. 15 May 2025
  53. VIS-45 NASATI (vista.gov.vn). Dự báo và lựa chọn những lĩnh vực công nghệ ưu tiên phục vụ xây dựng Chiến lược phát triển khoa học, công nghệ và đổi mới sáng tạo của Việt Nam giai đoạn 2021-2030. 12 Feb 2023
  54. VIS-46 World Bank and Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam. Vietnam 2035: Toward Prosperity, Creativity, Equity, and Democracy. 2016