Bản thảo để góp ý, phiên bản 0.6. Không dùng để trích dẫn.Báo cáo này là bản dự thảo và có thể thay đổi.
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Phụ lục R4

R4. Sources

All 2,384 sources behind the report (806 in v0.1, 469 added by the futures round of v0.2, 451 by the demand round of v0.3, 577 by the actor check and expansion waves of v0.4 and 81 by the prologue research of v0.5), grouped by the research stream that found them. Each citation code in the text links here and to sources.csv.

320 phút đọcÝ nghĩa các nhãn

Nội dung trang này bằng tiếng Anh. Đọc bản tóm tắt tiếng Việt

Trong trang này
  1. MAC: Protein economy and feed (wave 1) (45)
  2. FS: Feedstocks (wave 1) (57)
  3. IND: Industrial capacity (wave 1) (67)
  4. ECO: Companies and ecosystem (wave 1) (73)
  5. REG: Regulation (wave 1) (63)
  6. RD: Research and talent (wave 1) (65)
  7. CAP: Capital (wave 1) (74)
  8. RGN: Regional position (wave 1) (60)
  9. COST: Costs (wave 1) (56)
  10. FORM: Retail audit and formulation (wave 1) (39)
  11. SCI: Science (wave 2) (48)
  12. REG2: Regulation, second pass (wave 2) (28)
  13. FM: Feed market (wave 2) (45)
  14. GT: Geography, institutions and outlook (wave 2) (16)
  15. VCO: Company verification (wave 2) (31)
  16. INF: Infrastructure and talent (wave 2) (33)
  17. BIB: Bibliometrics (wave 2) (6)
  18. FTG: Frontier technology: gas fermentation and power-to-protein (wave 3) (35)
  19. FTB: Frontier technology: biology and AI (wave 3) (51)
  20. CLM: Climate (wave 3) (43)
  21. QNT: Protein and feed balance model (wave 3) (16)
  22. GEO: Geopolitics, trade and macro drivers (wave 3) (48)
  23. ECF: Economics and policy futures (wave 3) (46)
  24. HSC: Horizon scan and bibliometrics (wave 3) (37)
  25. NTS: National targets (wave 3) (38)
  26. NGF: Next-generation feedstocks (wave 4) (40)
  27. AQF: Aquaculture and aquafeed futures (wave 4) (36)
  28. HUB: Spatial hubs (wave 4) (29)
  29. VIS: Vision benchmarks and foresight practice (wave 5) (50)
  30. DIE: Protein diet and prices (wave 6, v0.3) (38)
  31. CHY: Chay and plant eating (wave 6, v0.3) (69)
  32. CON: Consumers and plant-based products (wave 6, v0.3) (39)
  33. NOV: Frontier categories (wave 6, v0.3) (82)
  34. CHN: Channels and institutions (wave 6, v0.3) (58)
  35. BUY: Business buyers (wave 6, v0.3) (47)
  36. EXP: Export demand (wave 6, v0.3) (52)
  37. GLB: Global and Asian benchmarks (wave 6, v0.3) (66)
  38. AFN: Actor check: funders and field-builders (wave 7), v0.4 (50)
  39. AIS: Actor check: investors and startups (wave 7), v0.4 (48)
  40. AIB: Actor check: incumbents and first buyers (wave 7), v0.4 (45)
  41. APR: Actor check: policy, research and international bodies (wave 7), v0.4 (45)
  42. PMR: Public meals (wave 7), v0.4 (34)
  43. FTR: Fiscal and tariff rules (wave 7), v0.4 (38)
  44. FUF: Funder units and fit (wave 7), v0.4 (10)
  45. CPC: Commitments and competitors (wave 7), v0.4 (25)
  46. TIC: Textured protein economics (wave 7), v0.4 (23)
  47. BRD: Base rates (wave 7), v0.4 (19)
  48. LBL: Labels and standards (wave 8), v0.4 (27)
  49. FBA: Feed buyers (wave 8), v0.4 (24)
  50. XBA: Export buyers (wave 8), v0.4 (35)
  51. NQR: Nutrition quality (wave 8), v0.4 (32)
  52. ECR: E-commerce (wave 8), v0.4 (16)
  53. HXE: Hybrid economics (wave 8), v0.4 (14)
  54. TRU: Fillers and trust (wave 9), v0.4 (32)
  55. UPL: Upland and canteen plates (wave 9), v0.4 (36)
  56. MKT: Marketplaces (wave 9), v0.4 (8)
  57. ORG: Rules of origin (wave 9), v0.4 (16)
  58. PRA: Prologue: what alternative protein is (wave 10), v0.5 (22)
  59. PRB: Prologue: arguments for and against (wave 10), v0.5 (27)
  60. PRC: Prologue: international landscape (wave 10), v0.5 (32)

Every citation code in the report, such as 1, resolves to an entry below and to a row in sources.csv, which also records the source type, date, URL or DOI, access date and the research note that used it. Web sources were accessed in September 2026. Citations are given as recorded by the research streams; some sources appear under more than one code because two streams used them independently.

Source typeVersion 0.1 (waves 1 and 2)Futures round (waves 3 to 5)Demand round (wave 6)Actor check and expansion (waves 7 to 9)Prologue (wave 10)Total
press18010717610515583
peer-reviewed175134894723468
gov/statistics124953910726391
company1337351529336
other495441803227
law7850000128
advocacy27833365109
database261023420101
market-research144158041
All806469451577812384

What the evidence rests on

2,384 sources by type and research wave (waves 1 and 2: v0.1; waves 3 to 5: v0.2; wave 6: v0.3; waves 7 to 9: v0.4; wave 10: v0.5)

What the evidence rests onBars: 583 press, 468 peer-reviewed, 391 gov/statistics, 336 company, 227 other sources, among others, across ten research waves.Waves 1 and 2 (v0.1)Waves 3 to 5 (v0.2)Wave 6 (v0.3)Waves 7 to 9 (v0.4)Wave 10 (v0.5)0100200300400500600Number of sources (total 2,384)presspress, Waves 1 and 2 (v0.1): 180 sources All waves: 583 sources180press, Waves 3 to 5 (v0.2): 107 sources All waves: 583 sources107press, Wave 6 (v0.3): 176 sources All waves: 583 sources176press, Waves 7 to 9 (v0.4): 105 sources All waves: 583 sourcespress, Wave 10 (v0.5): 15 sources All waves: 583 sources583peer-reviewedpeer-reviewed, Waves 1 and 2 (v0.1): 175 sources All waves: 468 sources175peer-reviewed, Waves 3 to 5 (v0.2): 134 sources All waves: 468 sources134peer-reviewed, Wave 6 (v0.3): 89 sources All waves: 468 sources89peer-reviewed, Waves 7 to 9 (v0.4): 47 sources All waves: 468 sourcespeer-reviewed, Wave 10 (v0.5): 23 sources All waves: 468 sources468gov/statisticsgov/statistics, Waves 1 and 2 (v0.1): 124 sources All waves: 391 sources124gov/statistics, Waves 3 to 5 (v0.2): 95 sources All waves: 391 sources95gov/statistics, Wave 6 (v0.3): 39 sources All waves: 391 sources39gov/statistics, Waves 7 to 9 (v0.4): 107 sources All waves: 391 sourcesgov/statistics, Wave 10 (v0.5): 26 sources All waves: 391 sources391companycompany, Waves 1 and 2 (v0.1): 133 sources All waves: 336 sources133company, Waves 3 to 5 (v0.2): 7 sources All waves: 336 sourcescompany, Wave 6 (v0.3): 35 sources All waves: 336 sources35company, Waves 7 to 9 (v0.4): 152 sources All waves: 336 sourcescompany, Wave 10 (v0.5): 9 sources All waves: 336 sources336otherother, Waves 1 and 2 (v0.1): 49 sources All waves: 227 sources49other, Waves 3 to 5 (v0.2): 54 sources All waves: 227 sources54other, Wave 6 (v0.3): 41 sources All waves: 227 sources41other, Waves 7 to 9 (v0.4): 80 sources All waves: 227 sourcesother, Wave 10 (v0.5): 3 sources All waves: 227 sources227lawlaw, Waves 1 and 2 (v0.1): 78 sources All waves: 128 sources78law, Waves 3 to 5 (v0.2): 50 sources All waves: 128 sources50128advocacyadvocacy, Waves 1 and 2 (v0.1): 27 sources All waves: 109 sourcesadvocacy, Waves 3 to 5 (v0.2): 8 sources All waves: 109 sourcesadvocacy, Wave 6 (v0.3): 33 sources All waves: 109 sources33advocacy, Waves 7 to 9 (v0.4): 36 sources All waves: 109 sourcesadvocacy, Wave 10 (v0.5): 5 sources All waves: 109 sources109databasedatabase, Waves 1 and 2 (v0.1): 26 sources All waves: 101 sourcesdatabase, Waves 3 to 5 (v0.2): 10 sources All waves: 101 sourcesdatabase, Wave 6 (v0.3): 23 sources All waves: 101 sourcesdatabase, Waves 7 to 9 (v0.4): 42 sources All waves: 101 sources101market-researchmarket-research, Waves 1 and 2 (v0.1): 14 sources All waves: 41 sourcesmarket-research, Waves 3 to 5 (v0.2): 4 sources All waves: 41 sourcesmarket-research, Wave 6 (v0.3): 15 sources All waves: 41 sourcesmarket-research, Waves 7 to 9 (v0.4): 8 sources All waves: 41 sources41

Bằng chứng:

Xem số liệuẨn số liệu
What the evidence rests on
Source typeWaves 1 and 2 (v0.1)Waves 3 to 5 (v0.2)Wave 6 (v0.3)Waves 7 to 9 (v0.4)Wave 10 (v0.5)Total
press18010717610515583
peer-reviewed175134894723468
gov/statistics124953910726391
company1337351529336
other495441803227
law7850000128
advocacy27833365109
database261023420101
market-research144158041

MAC: Protein economy and feed (wave 1) (45)

FS: Feedstocks (wave 1) (57)

IND: Industrial capacity (wave 1) (67)

ECO: Companies and ecosystem (wave 1) (73)

REG: Regulation (wave 1) (63)

RD: Research and talent (wave 1) (65)

  • RD-01. scite.ai literature database. 30 searches run by the RND agent on 2026-09-23 (query log in working-papers/wave1/rnd/m6-rnd-capacity.md, Appendix A). Bibliographic database of peer-reviewed and preprint records. Supports all bibliometric counts and paper-level findings.
  • RD-02. GFI, "Research Grant Program", https://gfi.org/researchgrants/. Funder page (advocacy/philanthropy). Supports USD 27M+, 141 grants since 2019, 26 countries, not accepting submissions.
  • RD-03. GFI, "Grants" database page, https://gfi.org/grants. Funder page. Supports the observation that no Southeast Asian grantee was listed on the fetched page.
  • RD-04. ACIAR, "Vietnam" country page, https://www.aciar.gov.au/country/vietnam. Government donor. Supports AUD 5.4M FY2025-26, 23 active projects and the project list.
  • RD-05. Vingroup Innovation Foundation, https://vinif.org/en/ (also /en/about-us/). Private foundation. Supports programme list and 2018-2023 metrics.
  • RD-06. NAFOSTED English site, https://nafosted.gov.vn/en/. Government funder. Supports funding categories.
  • RD-07. Food Industries Research Institute, https://firi.vn. Government institute. Supports structure, MOIT parentage, founding date, centres and culture collection.
  • RD-08. Law on Science, Technology and Innovation No. 93/2025/QH15, thuvienphapluat.vn, https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Linh-vuc-khac/Luat-Khoa-hoc-Cong-nghe-va-Doi-moi-sang-tao-2025-so-93-2025-QH15-581164.aspx (plus the site search listing). Law. Supports issue date and articles on sandbox, risk exemption and funds (via machine summary).
  • RD-09. GFI APAC, "Three APAC countries with the right ingredients to dominate biomanufacturing" (October 2025), https://gfi-apac.org/three-apac-countries-with-the-right-ingredients-to-dominate-biomanufacturing/. Advocacy. Supports that the GFI APAC/Hawkwood "Where to Build" report cites Vietnam's incentives and bioeconomy strategy but also feedstock limits and regulatory immaturity.
  • RD-10. Can Tho University, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, https://caf.ctu.edu.vn. University. Supports unit structure, JICA-funded work and Thai partners.
  • RD-11. JST SATREPS, project list by country, https://www.jst.go.jp/global/english/kadai/by-country/index.html. Government donor. Supports 203 projects in 60 countries as of April 2026.
  • RD-12. Scite acknowledgement analysis. Queries "NAFOSTED ... AND (protein OR fermentation ...)" (255 records) and "VINIF ... AND (protein OR food ...)" (2,704 records), 2026-09-23. Bibliographic. Supports funder prevalence.
  • RD-13. AltProtein Vietnam prior drafts (00-prior-leads.md; project doc fermentation-wave-1-pack.md). Internal leads, not evidence. Used only in the disagreements log.
  • RD-20. Nguyen D.B. et al. (2021). Arthrospira production in Vietnam: current status and prospects. Bioresource Technology Reports 15:100803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100803. Peer-reviewed (VNUA).
  • RD-21. Dang D.H. et al. (2023). Transcriptome analysis of Spirulina platensis at different salinity and nutrient compositions for sustainable cultivation in Vietnam. Sustainability 15:11906. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511906. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-22. Nguyen T.-T. et al. (2024). Rice-based distillers' dried grains from bio-ethanol production, a potential source of protein for food application. Research Square preprint. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3171967/v1. Preprint.
  • RD-23. Vuong M.-D. et al. (2025). Functional characterization of protein from rice-based ethanol by-products for food industry use. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70043. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-24. Doan N.T.T., Lai Q.D. (2021). Ultrafiltration for recovery of rice protein: fouling analysis and technical assessment. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102692. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-25. Nguyen T.M.P. et al. (2016). Preparation of protein isolated from rice bran. Tap chi Sinh hoc. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v37n4.7091. Peer-reviewed (domestic).
  • RD-26. Le T.K.Y. et al. (2024). Meat-reduced sausage substituted with germinated mung bean flour. International Journal of Food Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.17089. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-27. Nguyen N.H.K. et al. (2025). Influence of mangosteen peel extract on ... soy-based burgers. Food Technology and Biotechnology 63(1). https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.63.01.25.8629. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-28. Nguyen T.H.T., Dinh T.H. (2016). Isolation of a methane-oxidizing bacterium for the study on single cell protein production from methane. Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 14(3). https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/14/3/9876. Peer-reviewed (domestic).
  • RD-29. Doan C.C. (2025). Improving nutrition facts of cassava and soybean residue through solid-state fermentation by Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium. Preprints.org. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202503.1319.v1. Preprint.
  • RD-30. Ho K.N. et al. (2023). Bamboo cellulose based single cell protein and nanocellulose ... E3S Web of Conferences 420:09003. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342009003. Retracted (editorial notice 2023). Cited only as retracted.
  • RD-31. Nguyen T.T.N. (2018). Influences of technological hydrolysis condition on nucleic acid content of spent brewer's yeast hydrolysate. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55(5A). https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/5a/12192. Peer-reviewed (domestic).
  • RD-32. Nguyen M.Q. et al. (2024). Investigation of consumer insights and development of alternative protein-rich products from alcoholic beverage byproducts. JST: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Development (HUST). https://doi.org/10.51316/jst.178.etsd.2024.34.5.4. Peer-reviewed (domestic).
  • RD-33. Thai H.-D. et al. (2021). Development of a new Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system based on a dual auxotrophic approach in Aspergillus oryzae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03060-z. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-34. Trinh M.T. et al. (2024). Efficient generation of uridine/uracil auxotrophic mutants in homokaryotic Cordyceps militaris strains for constructing a food-grade expression platform. Mycoscience. https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2024.10.003. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-35. Chau Q.C. et al. (2025). Development of a Pichia pastoris strain for secretory production of recombinant alkaline phytase. Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.15625/vjbt-21940. Peer-reviewed (domestic).
  • RD-36. Le H.K. et al. (2020). Secretory expression of the recombinant FGF-2 protein in Pichia pastoris carrying multiple copies of target gene. Science and Technology Development Journal. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v23i2.1746. Peer-reviewed (domestic).
  • RD-37. Tran L.H. et al. (2021). Glycerol-methanol and sorbitol-methanol mixed feed strategies for recombinant hPDGF-BB production in Pichia pastoris. STDJ Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v4i3.858. Peer-reviewed (domestic).
  • RD-38. Pham T. et al. (2020). Heterologous expression of human KGF/FGF7 in Pichia pastoris. STDJ Natural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i3.900. Peer-reviewed (domestic).
  • RD-39. Nguyen T.L. et al. (2022). Optimization of human umbilical cord blood-derived MSC isolation and culture methods in serum- and xeno-free conditions. Stem Cell Research & Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02694-y. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-40. Le M.H. et al. (2021). Differential development of umbilical cord-derived MSCs during long-term maintenance in FBS-supplemented and xeno- and serum-free media. Cellular Reprogramming. https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2021.0050. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-41. Pham P.V., Vu N.B. (2016). In vitro expansion of mesenchymal stem cells for clinical use. Progress in Stem Cell. https://doi.org/10.15419/psc.v3i02.123. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-42. Bui L.Q.N. et al. (2019). Isolation of female germline stem cells from porcine ovarian tissue and differentiation into oocyte-like cells. Journal of Reproduction and Development. https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2019-050. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-43. Nguyen X.M.H., Nguyen T.K.A. (2024). From lab to table: food safety regulations for cell-cultured meat in the EU and Singapore, implications for Vietnam. Vietnamese Journal of Legal Sciences. https://doi.org/10.2478/vjls-2024-0013. Peer-reviewed (law).
  • RD-44. Tran N.B.T. et al. (2022). Morphological variation, chromosome number and DNA barcoding of giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) in Vietnam. CTU Journal of Science. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jen.2022.029. Peer-reviewed (domestic).
  • RD-45. Dinh T.T.U. et al. (2020). Nutrient removal by duckweed from anaerobically treated swine wastewater in lab-scale stabilization ponds in Vietnam. Science of the Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137854. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-46. Nguyen N.V. et al. (2018). Utilization of fermented soybean meal for fishmeal substitution in diets of Pacific white shrimp. Aquaculture Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12648. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-47. Tran M.P. et al. (2016). Effects of replacing fish meal with soya protein concentrate ... snakehead, Channa striata. Aquaculture Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13147. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-48. Nguyen H.Y.N. et al. (2019). Spent brewer's yeast as a replacement for fishmeal in diets for giant freshwater prawn. Aquaculture Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12915. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-49. Nguyen H.Y.N. et al. (2024). Gradual replacement of soybean meal with brewer's yeast in Nile tilapia diet. Aquaculture Journal. https://doi.org/10.3390/aquacj4040019. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-50. Nguyen T.N.A. et al. (2018). Partial replacement of fishmeal protein with green seaweed (Cladophora) protein ... black tiger shrimp postlarvae. Journal of Applied Phycology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1457-7. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-51. Nguyen T.N.A. et al. (2023). Evaluating Artemia biomass and gut weed (Ulva intestinalis) meal as dietary protein for P. monodon postlarvae. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2022.11.003. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-52. Nguyen H.T. et al. (2022). Protein recovery of Tra catfish protein-rich side streams by the pH-shift method. Foods 11:1531. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111531. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-53. Siddik M.A.B. et al. (2021). Dietary supplementation of fish protein hydrolysate in high plant protein diets ... barramundi. Aquaculture Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13404. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-54. Nguyen N.T., Tran N.H. (2025). Black soldier fly larvae meal as a sustainable alternative to fishmeal in juvenile swamp eel diets. Aquaculture Journal 5:7. https://doi.org/10.3390/aquacj5010007. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-55. Hoang N.M. et al. (2024). Effect of inclusion of fresh or dried black soldier fly larvae in diets on snakehead fish. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh. https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.92338. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-56. Waché Y. et al. (2018). Prospects for food fermentation in South-East Asia: Tropical Fermentation and Biotechnology Network at the end of the AsiFood Erasmus+ project. Frontiers in Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02278. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-57. Deolu-Ajayi A.O. et al. (2022). Seaweed cultivation in Vietnam for livestock methane reduction: a Top Sector Agri & Food SMP report. Wageningen Research. https://doi.org/10.18174/566553. Research report.
  • RD-58. Tran-Tu L.C. et al. (2017). Effect of ingredient particle sizes and dietary viscosity on digestion and faecal waste of striped catfish. Aquaculture Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12632. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-59. Stadtlander T. et al. (2023). Partial replacement of fishmeal with duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) in feed for Eurasian perch and rainbow trout. Aquaculture Research. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6680943 (plus 8 other Stadtlander duckweed records in Scite, none Vietnamese). Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-60. Brandt S. et al. (2018). A unique fungal strain collection from Vietnam characterized for high performance degraders of bioecological important biopolymers and lipids. PLOS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202695. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-61. Le T.H.Y. et al. (2025). Quality evaluation of Vietnam traditional soy sauce concerning nutritional composition and aflatoxin criteria. Vietnam Journal of Food Control. https://doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.4588. Peer-reviewed (domestic).
  • RD-62. Luu T.N. et al. (2020). Isolation and characterization of two microalgal isolates from Vietnam with potential for food, feed and biodiesel production. Energies. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040898. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-63. Nguyen H. et al. (2024). Heterologous expression of pediocin PA-1 in Pichia pastoris ... pork bologna preservation. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-024-01388-w. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-64. Huynh N.-H.T. et al. (2023). Circular economy approach: cultivating grey oyster mushroom using cassava peel waste from starch production. E3S Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340501009. Conference paper.
  • RD-65. Nguyen T.N.G., Tran V.K. (2025). Sustainable valorization of Pleurotus pulmonarius via green dual-enzyme technology ... functional protein hydrolysates. Food Chemistry: X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2025.103310. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-66. Tran Thi Ha M.K. et al. (2026). Plant-based fish analogues: advances in formulation, processing, nutrition and market dynamics. Journal of Food Process Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.70365. Peer-reviewed review.
  • RD-67. Nguyen T.H. et al. (2019). Manufacturing process, in vivo and in vitro digestibility assessment of an enteral feeding product. Processes 7:347. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7060347. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-68. Tran M.P. et al. (2015). Development of formulated diets for snakehead: can phytase and taurine supplementation increase use of soybean meal to replace fish meal? Aquaculture. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.06.020. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-69. Nguyen T.T.H. et al. (2022). Enhancement of antioxidant activity ... of fermented soybean using ergothioneine biosynthesized by Aspergillus oryzae. Legume Science. https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.165. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-70. Nguyen N.T. et al. (2024). Genetic diversity of black soldier flies in Vietnam based on DNA COI sequence. Biodiversitas 24. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d241235. Peer-reviewed.
  • RD-71. Hoang P.T.N. et al. (2020). Chromosome-scale genome assembly for the duckweed Spirodela intermedia. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75728-9. Peer-reviewed.

CAP: Capital (wave 1) (74)

RGN: Regional position (wave 1) (60)

COST: Costs (wave 1) (56)

FORM: Retail audit and formulation (wave 1) (39)

SCI: Science (wave 2) (48)

REG2: Regulation, second pass (wave 2) (28)

FM: Feed market (wave 2) (45)

  • FM-01. World Bank. "Commodity Price Data (The Pink Sheet)", September 2026 (released 2 Sep 2026). https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/74e8be41ceb20fa0da750cda2f6b9e4e-0050012026/related/CMO-Pink-Sheet-September-2026.pdf . Accessed 2026-09-23. Fishmeal, SBM, soybeans, maize, urea, sugar: annual 2023 to 2025, quarterly, Jun to Aug 2026. Type: statistics.
  • FM-02. World Bank commodity series via IndexMundi. "Fishmeal, Peru Fish meal/pellets 65% protein, CIF, USD per metric ton", monthly Jan 2020 to Mar 2026. https://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/?commodity=fish-meal&months=120 . Accessed 2026-09-23. Monthly series; annual means match FM-01. Type: statistics (compiled).
  • FM-03. World Bank. "Commodity Markets" page. https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets . Accessed 2026-09-23. Links to CMO-Historical-Data-Monthly.xlsx (binary, not readable by the fetch tool) and the Pink Sheet. Type: statistics.
  • FM-04. Mardiana. "Aquafeeds in 2025: Disrupted by tariffs." Aqua Culture Asia Pacific, 30 Jun 2026. https://aquaasiapac.com/2026/06/30/aquafeeds-in-2025-disrupted-by-tariffs/ . Accessed 2026-09-23. Vietnam aquafeed volumes, top shrimp feed mills, 2025 feed price cuts, UPV fishmeal quote, ASC. Type: trade press (same as MAC-06, re-read).
  • FM-05. Naylor, R. L., Hardy, R. W., Buschmann, A. H., et al. (2021). "A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture." Nature 591: 551-563. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03308-6 . Accessed 2026-09-23 via Scite excerpts. Freshwater fishmeal 1% to 2%; marine and crustacean rates cut by one-half to two-thirds. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-06. Hua, K., Cobcroft, J. M., Cole, A., et al. (2019). "The future of aquatic protein: implications for protein sources in aquaculture diets." One Earth 1(3): 316-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2019.10.018 . Accessed via Scite. Fishmeal 4.5 Mt (2016), 69% to aquafeed; aquafeed 49.7 Mt (2015) to 87.1 Mt (2025 projected). Type: peer-reviewed review.
  • FM-07. Salin, K. R., Arun, V. V., Mohanakumaran Nair, C., Tidwell, J. H. (2018), as cited in "Chemoattractants: their essentiality and efficacy in shrimp aquaculture", Indian Journal of Fisheries 68(1) (2021). https://doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2021.68.1.95994-20 . Not read by me; taken from wave 1 MAC-41. Shrimp fishmeal 19% to 40% (2000), 11% to 23% (2014), about 6% (2025 projected). Type: peer-reviewed (secondary citation).
  • FM-08. Xie, S., Niu, J., Zhou, W., et al. (2018). "Developing a low fishmeal diet for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, using the nutritional value of FM as the reference profile." Aquaculture Nutrition 24(4): 1184-1197. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12657 . Abstract. Fishmeal 250 to 100 g/kg without growth loss. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-09. Han, D., Shan, X., Zhang, W., et al. (2016). "A revisit to fishmeal usage and associated consequences in Chinese aquaculture." Reviews in Aquaculture 10(2): 493-507. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12183 . Abstract and excerpts. China fishmeal imports steady at 1.0 to 1.5 Mt while aquafeed grew to 19 Mt (2014). Type: peer-reviewed. (Background; not used in tables.)
  • FM-10. Tap chi Thuy san Viet Nam. "Nhieu doanh nghiep dong loat tang gia thuc an thuy san" (5 Jun 2026). https://thuysanvietnam.com.vn/nhieu-doanh-nghiep-dong-loat-tang-gia-thuc-an-thuy-san/ . Accessed 2026-09-23. June 2026 shrimp feed price increases by company; feed 50% to 60% of production cost. Type: trade press.
  • FM-11. Tap chi Thuy san Viet Nam. "Co hoi va thach thuc khi gia ca tra tang manh" (3 Dec 2024). https://thuysanvietnam.com.vn/co-hoi-va-thach-thuc-khi-gia-ca-tra-tang-manh/ . Accessed 2026-09-23. Pangasius farm-gate VND 26,500 to 30,000/kg. Type: trade press.
  • FM-12. CK Vietnam Group / V-Group Vietnam. "Mycoprotein" product page. https://ckvietnam.com.vn/mycoprotein-36.html . Accessed 2026-09-23. Chinese glutamic-acid fermentation biomass, at least 70% CP; uses. Type: company.
  • FM-13. Calysseo. Company website. https://www.calysseo.com/ . Accessed 2026-09-23. Adisseo-Calysta JV; Changshou (China) 20 kt/yr, 2 x 10 kt fermenters; Saudi 100 kt ambition. Type: company.
  • FM-14. "Evaluation of six novel protein sources on apparent digestibility in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei." Aquaculture Nutrition (2022). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8225273 . Abstract. CAP, methanotroph meal, BSF, mealworm, Chlorella, cottonseed protein. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-15. Wang, J., Chen, L., Xu, J., et al. (2022). "C1 gas protein: a potential protein substitute for advancing aquaculture sustainability." Reviews in Aquaculture 15(3): 1179-1197. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12707 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed review.
  • FM-16. "A natural gas fermentation bacterial meal (FeedKind) as a functional alternative ingredient for fishmeal in diet of largemouth bass." Antioxidants 11(8): 1479 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081479 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-17. "Evaluation of methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) bacteria meal (FeedKind) as an alternative protein source for juvenile black sea bream." Frontiers in Marine Science (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.778301 . Abstract; FeedKind 75.14% CP. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-18. "Substituting fish meal with a bacteria protein (Clostridium autoethanogenum protein) derived from industrial-scale gas fermentation: effects on growth ... in large yellow croakers." Fishes 7(5): 228 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7050228 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-19. "Replacement of fishmeal with a microbial single-cell protein induced enteropathy and poor growth outcomes in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) fry." Journal of Fish Diseases (2024). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13985 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-20. "Effects of dietary Clostridium autoethanogenum protein on the growth, disease resistance, intestinal digestion, immunity and microbiota structure of Litopenaeus vannamei..." Frontiers in Immunology (2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034994 . Abstract. Also noted: Animal Nutrition (2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.010 (title only). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-21. "Dietary effect of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein on growth, intestinal histology and flesh lipid metabolism of largemouth bass." Metabolites 12(11): 1088 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111088 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-22. "Effects of dietary protein substitution of fishmeal with black soldier fly larval meal on growth and physiological responses of juvenile striped catfish." Aquaculture Research (2022). https://doi.org/10.1111/are.15739 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-23. "Effects of substituting the two-spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal for fish meal on growth performances and digestibility of striped snakehead." Life 13(2): 594 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020594 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-24. "The use of cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal as protein source for snakehead fish (Channa striata)." IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1118: 012020 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012020 . Abstract. Type: conference paper.
  • FM-25. "Evaluation of dietary inclusion of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae on fish production performance: a meta-analysis." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed (2022). https://doi.org/10.3920/jiff2021.0159 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed meta-analysis.
  • FM-26. "Replacing fish meal with defatted insect meal (yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor) improves the growth and immunity of Pacific white shrimp." Animals 9(5): 258 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9050258 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed (company-linked product).
  • FM-27. "Effect of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal on lipid and glucose metabolism of Pacific white shrimp." British Journal of Nutrition (2021). https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114521004670 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-28. "Replacement of commercial feed with fresh black soldier fly larvae in Pacific white shrimp." Aquaculture Nutrition (2022). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9130400 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-29. "Sensory evaluation of Pacific white shrimp fed with different levels of soy protein concentrate in replacement of fish meal." Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 17(1) (2023). https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2023.17.1.11410 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-30. "Replacement of fish meal with two fermented soybean meals in diets for rainbow trout." Aquaculture Nutrition (2019). https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12965 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-31. "Mitigating the impact of winter temperatures on striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) using functional feed additives." Journal of the World Aquaculture Society (2023). https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.13010 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-32. "Factors affecting yeast digestibility and immunostimulation in aquatic animals." Animals 14(19): 2851 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14192851 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed review.
  • FM-33. "Effects of dietary chenodeoxycholic acid supplementation in a low fishmeal diet containing Clostridium autoethanogenum protein on growth ... of Litopenaeus vannamei." Animals 13(13): 2109 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132109 . Abstract; control diet 25% fishmeal. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-34. "Supplemental effects of Haematococcus pluvialis in a low-fish meal diet for Litopenaeus vannamei at varying temperatures." Frontiers in Immunology (2024). https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1501753 . Abstract; control 20% fishmeal, low-fishmeal 10%. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-35. "The growing role of trimmings and their origins in global fishmeal production and trade." Environmental Research: Food Systems (2026). https://doi.org/10.1088/2976-601x/ae38e4 . Excerpts; aquaculture uses about 87% (about 4 Mt/yr) of fishmeal, citing FAO 2024. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-36. China SBM policy, secondary: (a) "Dynamic changes in amino acid release patterns of different plant protein sources during in vitro digestion..." Animals 15(21): 3094 (2025), https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15213094 (SBM use in Chinese feed -8.0% in 2024 after the reduction action); (b) "Rapid detection of protein content in fuzzy cottonseeds..." Processes 13(10): 3221 (2025), https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103221 (names MARA's "Three-Year Action Plan" for SBM reduction). Excerpts only. Type: peer-reviewed (secondary for policy).
  • FM-37. WITS (World Bank) / UN Comtrade. Vietnam imports of HS 230120 by partner, 2023. https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/VNM/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/230120 . Accessed 2026-09-23. Type: statistics.
  • FM-38. WITS (World Bank) / UN Comtrade. Vietnam exports of HS 230120 by partner, 2023. https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/VNM/year/2023/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/230120 . Accessed 2026-09-23. Type: statistics.
  • FM-39. "Evaluation of feed utilization and growth performance of juvenile striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fed diets with varying inclusion levels of corn gluten meal." Aquaculture Nutrition (2012). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2012.00953.x . Abstract and excerpts. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-40. "Growth performance of juvenile kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus, fed diets replacing fishmeal with soybean meal." Aquaculture Research (2013). https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12201 . Excerpt citing Lim and Dominy: commercial shrimp feeds 25% to 50% fishmeal. Type: peer-reviewed (dated).
  • FM-41. Snakehead and BSF larvae: "Effect of inclusion of fresh or dried black soldier fly larvae in diets on snakehead fish's growth performance..." Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh (2024). https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.92338 . Abstract: feed is 50% to 60% of snakehead production cost. Type: peer-reviewed. (Country not verified.)
  • FM-42. Cottrell, R. S., Metian, M., Froehlich, H. E., et al. (2021). "Time to rethink trophic levels in aquaculture policy." Reviews in Aquaculture 13(3): 1583-1593. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12535 . Excerpts; confirms Tacon and Metian (2008, 2015) as the standard inclusion dataset. Type: peer-reviewed. (Background.)
  • FM-43. Jannathulla, R., et al. (2019). "Fishmeal availability in the scenarios of climate change..." Aquaculture Research 50(12): 3493-3506. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14324 . Abstract: fishmeal USD 452/t (2000) to USD 1,596.54/t (2018). Type: peer-reviewed. (Long-run price context.)
  • FM-44. Boyd, C. E., et al. (2022). "The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the global protein supply." Food Security. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01246-9 . Excerpts: average fishmeal inclusion 5.8% in fed aquaculture (2017, from Naylor data); by-product fishmeal yields. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FM-45. "Palatability enhancement potential of Hermetia illucens larvae protein hydrolysate in Litopenaeus vannamei diets." Molecules 26(6): 1582 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061582 . Abstract. Type: peer-reviewed.

GT: Geography, institutions and outlook (wave 2) (16)

VCO: Company verification (wave 2) (31)

INF: Infrastructure and talent (wave 2) (33)

BIB: Bibliometrics (wave 2) (6)

  • BIB-01. OpenAIRE Graph API v1, researchProducts endpoint. OpenAIRE AMKE. https://api.openaire.eu/graph/v1/researchProducts. Accessed 2026-09-23, 16:00 to 16:40 UTC. Used for all counts and all record lists. Exact URLs are in biblio_counts.csv (query_url column) and results in biblio_raw_query_log.txt. Type: open bibliographic database.
  • BIB-02. "Authentication", OpenAlex developer guide. OurResearch / OpenAlex. https://developers.openalex.org/guides/authentication. Accessed 2026-09-23. Supports the no-key budget of USD 0.10 per day and the free-key budget of USD 1 per day. Type: documentation.
  • BIB-03. OpenAlex API, works endpoint. https://api.openalex.org/works. Attempted 2026-09-23 at 15:52 to 15:58 UTC with 4 different queries, all HTTP 429. Evidence of the access failure only. Type: bibliographic database.
  • BIB-04. Europe PMC REST search. EMBL-EBI. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search. Attempted 2026-09-23 and refused by the fetch proxy (HTTP 429). Not used. Type: bibliographic database.
  • BIB-05. Scite search_literature test query: '"cultured meat" OR "cultivated meat" OR "cell-based meat"', affiliation "Thailand", from 2015. Returned a total of 1 (10.3390/biology15030291, 2026). Scite, accessed 2026-09-23. Supports the method finding. Type: bibliographic database. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15030291
  • BIB-06. Wave 1 RND note, working-papers/wave1/rnd/m6-rnd-capacity.md, and its sources RD-01 (Scite), RD-04 (GFI grants page), RD-22/23/31/32 (HUST papers) and RD-46 (SPC in snakehead). Internal, 2026-09-23. Used for institution attribution and comparison. Type: internal research note.
<!-- v0.2 futures sources -->

Version 0.2 adds the sources of the futures round (waves 3 to 5, September 2026). Rows QNT-model, NGF-calc and AQF-calc record our own calculation scripts; they are not cited with a citation code in the text.

FTG: Frontier technology: gas fermentation and power-to-protein (wave 3) (35)

FTB: Frontier technology: biology and AI (wave 3) (51)

  • FTB-01. Moulange, H. and McAuliffe, W. "AI and Cultivated Meat: Near-Term Impacts of AI on the Commercial Viability of Cultivated Meat." Rethink Priorities, 9 June 2026. https://rethinkpriorities.org/research-area/ai-and-cultivated-meat/ and https://rethinkpriorities.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Report_-AI-and-Cultivated-Meat.pdf . Accessed 2026-09-24. Independent assessment of AI adoption, company claims on media cost, and investment decline. Type: think-tank research.
  • FTB-02. Cosenza, Z., Astudillo, R., Frazier, P., Baar, K. and Block, D. "Multi-information source Bayesian optimization of culture media for cellular agriculture." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 119(9):2447-2458, 2022. doi:10.1002/bit.28132. Accessed 2026-09-24. 38% fewer experiments than DOE; 181% more cells. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FTB-03. Cosenza, Z., Block, D., Baar, K. and Chen, X. "Multi-objective Bayesian algorithm automatically discovers low-cost high-growth serum-free media for cellular agriculture application." Engineering in Life Sciences 23(8), 2023. doi:10.1002/elsc.202300005. Accessed 2026-09-24. 23% more growth at 62.5% of cost. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FTB-04. Narayanan, H. et al. "Accelerating cell culture media development using Bayesian optimization-based iterative experimental design." Nature Communications 16, 2025. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-61113-5. Accessed 2026-09-24. 3 to 30 times fewer experiments, including K. phaffii protein production. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FTB-05. HamediRad, M. et al. "Towards a fully automated algorithm driven platform for biosystems design." Nature Communications 10, 2019. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13189-z. Accessed 2026-09-24. BioAutomata tested less than 1% of variants and beat random screening by 77%. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FTB-06. Singh, N. et al. "A generalized platform for artificial intelligence-powered autonomous enzyme engineering." Nature Communications 16, 2025. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-61209-y; figures from the preprint doi:10.1101/2025.02.12.637932. Accessed 2026-09-24. 26-fold phytase improvement in 4 weeks. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract via preprint).
  • FTB-07. Madani, A. et al. "Large language models generate functional protein sequences across diverse families." Nature Biotechnology 41:1099-1106, 2023. doi:10.1038/s41587-022-01618-2. Accessed 2026-09-24 (metadata only). ProGen artificial lysozymes. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FTB-08. Hayes, T. et al. (EvolutionaryScale). "Simulating 500 million years of evolution with a language model." Science 387(6736):850-858, 2025. doi:10.1126/science.ads0018. Accessed 2026-09-24. ESM3; fluorescent protein at 58% identity. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FTB-09. Zhang, C. et al. "An AI-Native Biofoundry for Autonomous Enzyme Engineering: Integrating Active Learning with Automated Experimentation." bioRxiv, 1 Feb 2026. doi:10.64898/2026.02.01.703093. Accessed 2026-09-24. LLM-agent DBTL. Type: preprint.
  • FTB-10. OpenAlex queries by FTB (AI and alternative protein by year and country; protein design by country, year and institution; AI and alternative protein with Vietnamese affiliation). Queries reproducible via api.openalex.org OQL, for example: works where title/abstract has (("machine learning" or "artificial intelligence" or "deep learning" or "Bayesian optimization" or "protein language model") and ("cultivated meat" or "cultured meat" or "precision fermentation" or "alternative protein*" or "meat analogue*" or "plant-based meat" or "mycoprotein" or "single cell protein")) and year >= 2016. Run 2026-09-24. Also used for the EU precision-fermentation absence check (one web search). Type: bibliometric data (own analysis).
  • FTB-11. Global Biofoundries Alliance. "Members." https://www.biofoundries.org/members-1 . Accessed 2026-09-24. Partial list (to "LARA"); no Vietnamese member. Type: organisation website.
  • FTB-12. K-Biofoundry (KRIBB, National Bio Foundry Project). https://kbiofoundry.org/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. Open platform; collaboration models; "years to weeks" claim. Type: public research institute website.
  • FTB-13. Baker McKenzie. "Vietnam: Artificial Intelligence Law - Foundation and Outlook." February 2026. https://www.bakermckenzie.com/en/insight/publications/2026/02/vietnam-artificial-intelligence-law-foundation-and-outlook . Accessed 2026-09-24. Passed 10 Dec 2025; in force 1 Mar 2026; risk tiers; transition dates. Type: law firm analysis.
  • FTB-14. VietNamNet. "New AI Law lays foundation for Vietnam to master AI technology." December 2025. https://vietnamnet.vn/en/new-ai-law-lays-foundation-for-vietnam-to-master-ai-technology-2472111.html . Accessed 2026-09-24. National AI computing centre, AI Development Fund, vouchers, sandbox; 429 of 434 votes. Law number No. 134/2025/QH15 from the luatvietnam.vn listing seen in search. Type: press (state-aligned).
  • FTB-15. VietNamNet. "FPT AI factories in Japan and Vietnam enter global top 500 supercomputers." June 2025. https://vietnamnet.vn/en/fpt-ai-factories-in-japan-and-vietnam-enter-global-top-500-supercomputers-2414563.html . Accessed 2026-09-24. Ranks 36 and 38; 49.85 and 46.65 petaflops; H200. Type: press.
  • FTB-16. Viettel AI. "Viettel operates Vietnam's first latest-generation NVIDIA supercomputer." February 2026. https://viettelai.vn/en/tin-tuc/viettel-van-hanh-sieu-may-tinh-moi-nhat-cua-nvidia-dau-tien-tai-viet-nam . Accessed 2026-09-24. DGX B200, 6 Feb 2026, shared access. Type: company.
  • FTB-17. Good Food Institute. "2026 State of the Industry report: Fermentation for meat, seafood, eggs, dairy, and ingredients." April to May 2026. https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/GFI-2026-State-of-the-Industry-report-Fermentation-for-meat-seafood-eggs-dairy-and-ingredients.pdf . Accessed 2026-09-24. Funding, precision share, closures, IP disputes, Asia-Pacific policy, the "where to build" quote on Vietnam. Type: advocacy.
  • FTB-18. Vireo Advisors. "Developments in Precision fermentation, GRAS regulation, and other FDA initiatives." 27 Jan 2025. https://www.vireoadvisors.com/blog/developments-in-precision-fermentation-gras-regulation-and-other-fda-initiatives . Accessed 2026-09-24. Lists precision-fermented proteins with letters; the GRAS reform proposal. Type: regulatory consultancy.
  • FTB-19. FoodNavigator. "FDA sends 'no questions' letter to Verley for precision fermentation dairy proteins." 10 Oct 2025. https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2025/10/10/fda-sends-no-questions-letter-to-verley-for-precision-fermentation-dairy-proteins/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. GRN 1241 and a table of 2025 letters. Also a search headline on Imagindairy's GRAS (FoodNavigator-USA, 17 Jan 2024). Type: trade press.
  • FTB-20. FoodNavigator. "South Korea moves closer to cell-cultured food regulations." 15 Jul 2026. https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2026/07/15/south-korea-moves-closer-to-cell-cultured-food-regulations/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. MFDS standards for cell-cultured processed foods (June 2026); Food Tech Industry Promotion Act enforced in 2025. Type: trade press.
  • FTB-21. Scite patent database queries (Perfect Day family 54105986; Impossible Foods families 54241231, 52666512, 57325176, 51259423). Run 2026-09-24. Filing dates used to estimate expiry. Type: patent data (own analysis; not a freedom-to-operate opinion).
  • FTB-22. Lehmbeck, J. T. et al. "Mycotoxin-free Aspergillus oryzae strain lineage for alternative and novel protein production at industrial scale." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2025. doi:10.1007/s00253-025-13482-6. Accessed 2026-09-24. Novonesis lineage. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • FTB-23. Nielsen, M. B., Meyer, A. S., Hansen, K. and Arnau, J. "Enhanced Production of Bovine beta-Lactoglobulin in an Industrial Aspergillus oryzae Host." Industrial Biotechnology, 2025. doi:10.1177/15509087251398318. Accessed 2026-09-24. "Envisaged" USD 10 per kg by 2025 and USD 1 per kg by 2035. Also a withdrawn lactoferrin TEA preprint, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8767901/v1, not used. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FTB-24. Good Food Institute. "2026 State of the Industry report: Cultivated meat, seafood, and ingredients." April 2026. https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/GFI_2026-State-of-the-Industry-report-Cultivated-meat-seafood-and-ingredients.pdf . Accessed 2026-09-24. Investment, companies, closures, scale, media claims, Asia-Pacific. Type: advocacy.
  • FTB-25. Green Queen. "Umami Bioworks Gets EU Registration to Sell Two Cultivated Fish Products for Pet Food." 2 Sep 2025. https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/umami-bioworks-lab-grown-meat-fish-eu-approval-pet-food/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. Type: trade press.
  • FTB-26. Risner, D. et al. "Environmental Impacts of Cultured Meat: A Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment." ACS Food Science and Technology 5(1):61-74, 2024. doi:10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00281. Accessed 2026-09-24. 12 to 1,508 kg CO2e per kg; capacity needed for 1% of meat. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FTB-27. Gu, H.-W. et al. "Scaling Cultured Meat: Challenges and Solutions for Affordable Mass Production." Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 24(4), 2025. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.70221. Accessed 2026-09-24. Cost from USD 2.3 million to USD 63 per kg; fish myoblast immortalisation. Type: peer-reviewed review.
  • FTB-28. ISAAA. "Milking a Potato and More Wonders of Molecular Farming." 19 Feb 2025. https://www.isaaa.org/blog/entry/default.asp?BlogDate=2%2F19%2F2025 . Accessed 2026-09-24. Moolec, IngredientWerks, Finally Foods. Type: industry-association blog.
  • FTB-29. Green Queen. "Moolec Gains USDA Approval for Soybeans Containing Pork Proteins." April 2024. https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/moolec-piggy-sooy-usda-approval-pork-soybeans-molecular-farming/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. Type: trade press.
  • FTB-30. Green Queen. "PoLoPo Files for USDA Approval to Grow Egg Proteins in Potatoes." 23 May 2024. https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/polopo-molecular-farming-superaa-potato-egg-protein-usda-approval/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. Type: trade press.
  • FTB-31. USDA APHIS. "APHIS Issues Regulatory Status Review Responses: Covercress, GCMBNA, Moolec, and MSU." Undated program update. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/news/program-update/aphis-issues-regulatory-status-review-responses-covercress-gcmbna-moolec-msu . Accessed 2026-09-24. "Pea with a meat protein in seeds"; no increased plant pest risk. Type: government.
  • FTB-32. Green Queen. "Industry Consolidation: 40+ Major Alternative Protein Companies Have Shut or Been Acquired in Past Year." 4 Sep 2025. https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/alternative-protein-plant-based-food-mergers-acquisitions-closures-bankruptcy/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. Type: trade press.
  • FTB-33. Schillberg, S. and Finnern, R. "Plant molecular farming for the production of valuable proteins: critical evaluation of achievements and future challenges." Journal of Plant Physiology 258-259:153359, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153359. Accessed 2026-09-24 (abstract and metadata). Type: peer-reviewed review.
  • FTB-34. Trang thông tin quốc gia về bảo tồn thiên nhiên và đa dạng sinh học (nbca.gov.vn). "Hiện trạng cây trồng biến đổi gen và tiềm năng phát triển công nghệ chỉnh sửa gen tại Việt Nam" (Status of GM crops and potential of gene editing in Vietnam). 12 Aug 2024. https://nbca.gov.vn/hien-trang-cay-trong-bien-doi-gen-va-tiem-nang-phat-trien-cong-nghe-chinh-sua-gen-tai-viet-nam/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. 5 GM maize events; 16 varieties; gene-edited rice projects. Type: government portal.
  • FTB-35. Thaore, V., Tsourapas, D., Shah, N. and Kontoravdi, C. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Cell-Free Synthesis of Monoclonal Antibodies Using CHO Cell Extracts." Processes 8(4):454, 2020. doi:10.3390/pr8040454; cites Zawada et al. 2011, doi:10.1002/bit.23103 (1 mL to 100 L scale-up). Accessed 2026-09-24. USD 2.8 per mg at 100 L. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FTB-36. Lavickova, B. and Maerkl, S. J. "A Simple, Robust, and Low-Cost Method To Produce the PURE Cell-Free System." ACS Synthetic Biology, 2019. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.8b00427. Accessed 2026-09-24. 156 micrograms per mL at USD 0.09 per microlitre. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FTB-37. Guzman-Chavez, F. et al. "Constructing Cell-Free Expression Systems for Low-Cost Access." ACS Synthetic Biology, 2022. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.1c00342. Accessed 2026-09-24. Low-cost CFPS for low- and middle-income labs. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • FTB-38. Green Queen. "Ayana Bio, Zenfold Buy Meati Foods's Fermentation Assets to Scale Plant Cell Culture Platform in India." 18 Sep 2026. https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/ayana-bio-zenfold-meati-foods-fermentation-assets-plant-cell-culture-acquisition/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. Type: trade press.
  • FTB-39. AgFunderNews. "The Better Meat Co slashes cost of mycoprotein production via continuous process." 11 Jun 2024. https://agfundernews.com/the-better-meat-co-slashes-cost-of-mycoprotein-production-via-continuous-process . Accessed 2026-09-24. Company claims. Type: trade press.
  • FTB-40. Search-result headlines only: AgFunderNews and Green Queen on funding for Enough (EUR 40 million / USD 43.6 million), The Protein Brewery (USD 35.6 million Series B) and Planetary (USD 28 million); dates not read. Accessed 2026-09-24. Type: trade press (headlines; Low).
  • FTB-41. Green Queen. "TurtleTree Earns First US FDA Approval for Cow-Free Lactoferrin Protein." 2025. https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/turtletree-lactoferrin-fda-gras-precision-fermentation/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. Conventional lactoferrin USD 750 to 1,500 per kg; 10,000 L of milk per kg. Type: trade press.
  • FTB-42. BIOTEC (NSTDA, Thailand). "The Launch of Bio Base Asia Pilot Plant (BBAPP) Joint Press Conference." 29 Mar 2022. https://www.biotec.or.th/home/en/the-launch-of-bio-base-asia-pilot-plant-bbapp-joint-press-conference/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. Type: government research agency.
  • FTB-43. Lim, S., Meerod, W., Hathaichoti, S. and Preedakorn, K. "Thailand's Synthetic Biology Strategy." Engineering Biology 10(1):e70006, 2026. doi:10.1049/enb2.70006. Accessed 2026-09-24. Ten-year strategy. Type: peer-reviewed (policy article).
  • FTB-44. Hwang, Y.-H., Kim, S.-H., Kim, C.-J. et al. "Survey on the Global Technological Status for Forecasting the Industrialization Timeline of Cultured Meat." Foods 14(24):4222, 9 Dec 2025. doi:10.3390/foods14244222. Accessed 2026-09-24. Hybrid-first judgement; Korean fee; China pilot. Type: peer-reviewed review.
  • FTB-45. FoodNavigator. "Where countries stand on cultivated meat regulation in 2026." 18 Feb 2026. https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2026/02/18/cultivated-meat-regulation-where-countries-stand-in-2026/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. Type: trade press.
  • FTB-46. Poduschnick, L. et al. "Bayesian optimisation rivals expert-led Design of Experiments in high-dimensional cultivation medium optimisation." SSRN preprint, 2026. doi:10.2139/ssrn.7267115; and Parsaee, A. et al. "A data-driven evaluation of optimization techniques in cell culture media." Bioinformatics, 2026. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btag607. Accessed 2026-09-24 (titles and truncated abstracts). Type: preprint; peer-reviewed.
  • FTB-47. Goodwin, C. M., Jabeen, M., Rao, B. M. and Shirwaiker, R. A. "Cell culture media for cultivated meat: Review and perspectives on first principles design to drive cost-effective scale-up." Future Foods, 2026. doi:10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100908. Accessed 2026-09-24. Medium estimated at 31 to 99% of production cost at scale. Type: peer-reviewed review.
  • FTB-48. LuatVietnam. "Quyết định 1671/QĐ-TTg 2026 phê duyệt Chiến lược quốc gia về trí tuệ nhân tạo đến 2030" (Decision 1671/QĐ-TTg approving the National AI Strategy to 2030, vision 2045), signed 28 Aug 2026. https://luatvietnam.vn/khoa-hoc/quyet-dinh-1671-qd-ttg-2026-phe-duyet-chien-luoc-quoc-gia-ve-tri-tue-nhan-tao-den-2030-446338-d1.html . Accessed 2026-09-24. Compute, talent and GDP targets; agriculture pillar. Type: law database (summary of official decision).
  • FTB-49. Ministry of Science and Technology (mst.gov.vn). "Định vị chiến lược công nghệ sinh học quốc gia" (Positioning the national biotechnology strategy). 30 Nov 2025. https://mst.gov.vn/dinh-vi-chien-luoc-cong-nghe-sinh-hoc-quoc-gia-197251130213943987.htm . Accessed 2026-09-24. Draft strategy 2026 to 2030, vision 2045; four priority sectors. Type: government.
  • FTB-50. Báo Chính phủ. "Phát triển, ứng dụng hiệu quả công nghệ sinh học thành ngành kinh tế - kỹ thuật quan trọng" (on Directive 13/CT-TTg). 21 Apr 2026. https://baochinhphu.vn/phat-trien-ung-dung-hieu-qua-cong-nghe-sinh-hoc-thanh-nganh-kinh-te-ky-thuat-quan-trong-102260421194253195.htm . Accessed 2026-09-24. MOST and MAE tasks and deadlines. Type: government newspaper.
  • FTB-51. Ministry of Science and Technology (mst.gov.vn). "Chương trình hành động phát triển và ứng dụng công nghệ sinh học" (Action programme on biotechnology, Resolution 189/NQ-CP of 16 Nov 2023). 8 Oct 2025. https://mst.gov.vn/chuong-trinh-hanh-dong-phat-trien-va-ung-dung-cong-nghe-sinh-hoc-197251113094248573.htm . Accessed 2026-09-24. Type: government.

CLM: Climate (wave 3) (43)

QNT: Protein and feed balance model (wave 3) (16)

  • QNT-01. OECD and FAO. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2026-2035, data via the OECD SDMX API, dataflow OECD.TAD.ATM DSD_AGR@DF_OUTLOOK_2026_2035 version 1.1. Published June 2026. https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.TAD.ATM,DSD_AGR@DF_OUTLOOK_2026_2035,1.1/VNM.A.CPC_EX_PK.QP+QC+FO_PC+IM+EX..?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2035 (the report PDF at https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2026/06/oecd-fao-agricultural-outlook-2026-2035_5610f218/47874669-en.pdf was blocked by robots.txt). Country projections for meat, fish, protein meal, fishmeal, maize, soybean and milk, plus yields. Type: intergovernmental model projection.
  • QNT-02. USDA Office of the Chief Economist. USDA Agricultural Projections to 2035, OCE-2026-1, 13 February 2026. https://ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details?pubid=113816 (PDF at https://ers.usda.gov/media/20856/oce-2026-1.pdf?v=16321; only the macro tables were read). Vietnam GDP growth assumption. Type: government model projection.
  • QNT-03. Hoang, H. and Meyers, W.H. (2015). Food demand in Vietnam: structural changes and projections to 2030. AgEcon Search. doi 10.22004/ag.econ.212456. Abstract only; direction of meat demand. Type: peer-reviewed conference paper.
  • QNT-04. Quach, V.D., Yabe, M., Nomura, H. and Takahashi, Y. (2022). Structural changes in meat consumption in Vietnam: evidence from household survey data. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 13(4): 590-612. doi 10.1108/jadee-08-2021-0206. Abstract only; poultry and beef gaining share. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • QNT-05. Falcon, W.P., Naylor, R.L. and Shankar, N.D. (2022). Rethinking global food demand for 2050. Population and Development Review. doi 10.1111/padr.12508. Abstract; global demand +50 to 60%, shift to poultry. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • QNT-06. Prime Minister of Vietnam. Decision 339/QD-TTg of 11 March 2021 approving the fisheries development strategy to 2030, vision 2045. Read via Tap chi Thuy san Viet Nam, https://thuysanvietnam.com.vn/phe-duyet-chien-luoc-phat-trien-thuy-san-den-nam-2030/ (official text at https://chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?pageid=27160&docid=202798, not opened). Targets for aquaculture, capture and exports in 2030. Type: law or policy (secondary reading).
  • QNT-07. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade, September 2026. https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/oilseeds.pdf. Vietnam MY2026/27 soybean and soybean-meal imports. Type: government statistics and forecast.
  • QNT-08. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. World Agricultural Production, September 2026. https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/production.pdf. Corn yields in Argentina, Brazil and the United States. Type: government statistics.
  • QNT-09. Leger, D., Matassa, S., Noor, E., Shepon, A., Milo, R. and Bar-Even, A. (2021). Photovoltaic-driven microbial protein production can use land and sunlight more efficiently than conventional crops. PNAS 118(26): e2015025118. doi 10.1073/pnas.2015025118. CO2 and NH3 per kg of biomass, protein share, cost per kg of protein, land ratio. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • QNT-10. Sillman, J., Uusitalo, V., Ruuskanen, V. and others (2020). A life cycle environmental sustainability analysis of microbial protein production via power-to-food approaches. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25: 2190-2203. doi 10.1007/s11367-020-01771-3 (correction doi 10.1007/s11367-021-01962-6, not checked). Electricity per kg of biomass and per kg H2. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • QNT-11. Jean, A.B. and Brown, R.C. (2024). Techno-economic analysis of gas fermentation for the production of single cell protein. Environmental Science and Technology 58(8): 3823-3829. doi 10.1021/acs.est.3c10312. Abstract; carbon intensities of SCP, SBM and fishmeal; land ratio. Same study as v0.1 COST-45. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • QNT-12. Komarek, A.M., Dunston, S., Enahoro, D. and others (2021). Income, consumer preferences, and the future of livestock-derived food demand. Global Environmental Change 70: 102343. doi 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102343. Abstract; IMPACT SSP2 global and regional changes to 2050. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • QNT-13. VietnamPlus (30 March 2026). Nganh chan nuoi tu chu nguyen lieu doi pho bien dong toan cau. https://www.vietnamplus.vn/nganh-chan-nuoi-tu-chu-nguyen-lieu-ung-pho-bien-dong-toan-cau-post1101719.vnp. Official quote: over 65% of feed raw materials and over 90% of additives imported. Type: press.
  • QNT-14. Garcia Martinez, J.B. and others (2021). Potential of microbial protein from hydrogen for preventing mass starvation in catastrophic scenarios. Sustainable Production and Consumption. doi 10.1016/j.spc.2020.08.011. Table value of 2.41 kg H2 per kg SCP (citing Sefton 2018), used only in the disagreements log (excerpt via Scite). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • QNT-15. ABARES (2012). Food demand to 2050: opportunities for Australian agriculture. https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/sitecollectiondocuments/abares/publications/Outlook2012FoodDemand2050.pdf. No Vietnam projection; not used. Type: government.
  • QNT-model. AltProtein Vietnam QNT balance model (this work): model.py, assumptions.csv, outputs.csv, sensitivity.csv, 24 September 2026. Type: our estimate.

GEO: Geopolitics, trade and macro drivers (wave 3) (48)

ECF: Economics and policy futures (wave 3) (46)

  • ECF-01. Vasilakou K., Nimmegeers P., Thomassen G., Billen P., Van Passel S. "Assessing the future of second-generation bioethanol by 2030: a techno-economic assessment integrating technology learning curves." Applied Energy 344 (2023) 121263. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121263. Accessed 2026-09-24 (full-text excerpts via Scite). Learning rates for US corn (13%) and Brazil sugarcane (19%) ethanol as cited; EIA 10 to 25% assumption. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-02. Chen X., Khanna M., Yeh S. "Stimulating learning-by-doing in advanced biofuels: effectiveness of alternative policies." Environmental Research Letters 7 (2012) 045907. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045907. Accessed 2026-09-24 (full-text excerpts). Sugarcane ethanol progress ratio 0.80; 40% and 70% cost falls; ex-ante 0.99 and 0.98; rapeseed biodiesel 0.97. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-03. Hettinga W. et al. "Understanding the reductions in US corn ethanol production costs: an experience curve approach." Energy Policy 37(1) (2009) 190 to 203. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.08.002. Accessed 2026-09-24 (metadata only). Primary source for corn ethanol rate. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-04. Lieberman M.B. "The learning curve and pricing in the chemical processing industries." RAND Journal of Economics (1984). doi:10.2307/2555676. Accessed 2026-09-24 (abstract). 37 chemical products; learning tied to cumulative output and investment. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-05. Way R., Ives M.C., Mealy P., Farmer J.D. "Empirically grounded technology forecasts and the energy transition." Joule 6(9) (2022) 2057 to 2082. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2022.08.009. Accessed 2026-09-24 (abstract and excerpts). Near 10% a year cost declines; Li-ion production +30% and cost minus 12% a year, 1995 to 2018. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-06. Sampat B.N. "Intellectual property rights and pharmaceuticals: the case of antibiotics." SSRN (2023). doi:10.2139/ssrn.4434179. Accessed 2026-09-24 (excerpts). Penicillin titre 4 to 900 units per ml, 1941 to 1944 (citing Neushul 1993). Working paper.
  • ECF-07. Malla S. et al. "A novel efficient L-lysine exporter identified by functional metagenomics." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (2022) 855736. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.855736. Accessed 2026-09-24 (excerpts). Lysine about 3.0 Mt and USD 5.6 billion (2022, market report cited); titres above 1.2 M. Peer-reviewed (market figure secondary).
  • ECF-08. Klein-Marcuschamer D., Oleskowicz-Popiel P., Simmons B.A., Blanch H.W. "The challenge of enzyme cost in the production of lignocellulosic biofuels." Biotechnology and Bioengineering (2012). doi:10.1002/bit.24370. Accessed 2026-09-24 (abstract). Enzyme cost higher than assumed. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-09. OpenAlex query by ECF, run 2026-09-24: works where title/abstract has (("learning curve" or "learning rate" or "experience curve" or "learning-by-doing") and ("cultivated meat" or "cultured meat" or "cell-based meat" or "precision fermentation" or "single cell protein" or "single-cell protein" or "microbial protein" or "mycoprotein" or "alternative protein" or "meat analogue" or "plant-based meat")) and year >= 2015. 9 results, none an empirical learning rate. Bibliometric query.
  • ECF-10. Malhotra A., Schmidt T.S. "Accelerating low-carbon innovation." Joule 4(11) (2020) 2259 to 2267. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2020.09.004. Accessed 2026-09-24 (excerpts). Complexity and customisation slow learning. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-11. Wilson C., Grubler A., Bento N. et al. "Granular technologies to accelerate decarbonization." Science 368 (2020) 36 to 39. doi:10.1126/science.aaz8060. Accessed 2026-09-24 (abstract). Granular technologies learn faster. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-12. Người Quan Sát. "Thị trường tín chỉ carbon lộ diện, doanh nghiệp phát thải lớn đứng trước 'bài toán chi phí mới'." 10 Feb 2026. https://nguoiquansat.vn/thi-truong-tin-chi-carbon-lo-dien-doanh-nghiep-phat-thai-lon-dung-truoc-bai-toan-chi-phi-moi-273699.html. Accessed 2026-09-24. Quota approval 9 Feb 2026; 110 facilities; 243 and 268 Mt; pilot trading end-2026 to 2028. Press.
  • ECF-13. Ministry of Agriculture and Environment (MAE). News item on carbon market readiness, 10 Apr 2026. https://mae.gov.vn/SMPT_Publishing_UC/KhaiThac/TinTuc/pInTinTuc.aspx?ItemID=21376 . Accessed 2026-09-24. Decree 29/2026/ND-CP; Decision 263/QD-TTg; offsets up to 30%; surrender by 31 Dec 2027; trading at HNX expected Q2 2026. Government.
  • ECF-14. ICAP. "Emissions Trading Worldwide: ICAP Status Report 2026." April 2026. https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/publications/emissions-trading-worldwide-icap-status-report-2026 . Accessed 2026-09-24. 41 ETSs, 26% of emissions; Japan, India, Vietnam launching 2026. Research organisation.
  • ECF-15. ICAP. "EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)" factsheet. https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/ets/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets . Accessed 2026-09-24. 2025 average prices; ETS2 delay; CBAM definitive stage 2026. Research organisation.
  • ECF-16. ICAP. "China National ETS" factsheet. https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/ets/china-national-ets . Accessed 2026-09-24. 2025 average CNY 70.78; sector expansion; absolute-cap roadmap. Research organisation.
  • ECF-17. ICAP. "Korea Emissions Trading System (K-ETS)" factsheet. https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/ets/korea-emissions-trading-system-k-ets . Accessed 2026-09-24. 2025 prices; phase 4 auctioning. Research organisation.
  • ECF-18. ICAP. "Japan transitions its GX-ETS to the mandatory phase." 2026. https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/news/japan-transitions-its-gx-ets-mandatory-phase . Accessed 2026-09-24. Start 1 Apr 2026; FY2027 ceiling and floor. Research organisation.
  • ECF-19. National Climate Change Secretariat, Singapore. "Carbon Tax." https://www.nccs.gov.sg/singapores-climate-action/mitigation-efforts/carbontax/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. S$5, S$25, S$45, S$50 to 80 by 2030; 5% credit limit. Government.
  • ECF-20. World Bank. "State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2024" (openknowledge bitstream) and "State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026" landing page. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/d14ff4b1-823f-4d70-927c-456449772089/content ; https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/state-and-trends-of-carbon-pricing . Accessed 2026-09-24. 2030 corridors USD 63 to 127 and 226 to 385; 2026 coverage nearly 30%; revenue over USD 107 billion (2025). Multilateral.
  • ECF-21. Dalgaard R. et al. "LCA of soybean meal." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 13 (2008). doi:10.1065/lca2007.06.342. Value 0.721 kg CO2e per kg (Argentina, no LUC) as cited in ECF-22; not read directly. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-22. Wilke V., Gickel J., Visscher C. "Monitoring of performance-based environmental impacts of substituting soybean meal with rapeseed meal in the rye-based diet of weaned pigs." Sustainability 15(3) (2023) 2210. doi:10.3390/su15032210. Accessed 2026-09-24 (full-text excerpts). SBM 4.42 kg CO2e per kg; GFLI 2022 Argentina 4.087; Dalgaard 0.721. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-23. Escobar N., Tizado E.J., zu Ermgassen E.K.H.J., Löfgren P., Börner J., Godar J. "Spatially-explicit footprints of agricultural commodities: mapping carbon emissions embodied in Brazil's soy exports." Global Environmental Change 62 (2020) 102067. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102067. Accessed 2026-09-24 (publisher page). 0.69 t per t average; China 0.67, EU 0.77; Cerrado 1.00; Matopiba up to six times. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-24. Deville A., Vázquez-Rowe I., Avadí A., Miranda F., Kahhat R.F. "Identifying current trends in the environmental impacts linked to fishmeal and fish oil production in Peru." Aquaculture 600 (2025) 742239. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742239. Accessed 2026-09-24 (publisher page). About 320 kg CO2e per t fishmeal; 239 kg transport to China. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-25. Lansche J., Awiszus S., Latif S., Müller J. "Potential of biogas production from processing residues to reduce environmental impacts from cassava starch and crisp production: a case study from Malaysia." Applied Sciences 10(8) (2020) 2975. doi:10.3390/app10082975. Accessed 2026-09-24 (excerpts). Cites Thai cassava starch at about 600 and 609 to 966 kg CO2e per t. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-26. Tran T. et al. "A comparison of energy use, water use and carbon footprint of cassava starch production in Thailand, Vietnam and Colombia." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 100 (2015) 31 to 40. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.04.007. 93 to 539 kg CO2e per t starch, processing only, as cited in ECF-25; paper closed access. Peer-reviewed.
  • ECF-27. WebSearch of carbon-credit methodologies for protein substitution (Verra, Gold Standard, trade press), 2026-09-24; Verra home page https://verra.org/ . No approved methodology found. Search record.
  • ECF-28. Climate Bonds Initiative. "Alternative Proteins" sector criteria page. https://www.climatebonds.net/our-expertise/climate-bonds-standard-and-certification-scheme/sector-criteria/alternative-proteins . Accessed 2026-09-24. Consultation 9 Dec 2024 to 7 Feb 2025; launched. Standard-setter.
  • ECF-29. Gov.cn. "China to nurture emerging, future industries." 5 Mar 2026. https://english.www.gov.cn/2026special/2026npcandcpcc/202603/05/content_WS69a8eea9c6d00ca5f9a09891.html . Accessed 2026-09-24. Biomanufacturing a future industry in the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Government.
  • ECF-30. China Briefing (Dezan Shira). "China's biomanufacturing industry: growth drivers and opportunities." 2 Jan 2026. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/chinas-biomanufacturing-industry-opportunities/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. MIIT dedicated plan; RMB 1.1 trillion market; over 70% of world fermentation output (claim); RMB 30 billion a year investment. Consultancy/press.
  • ECF-31. Press Information Bureau, Government of India (Ministry of Science and Technology). "India: A Global Bioeconomy Powerhouse." 5 Sep 2025. https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2025/sep/doc202595628601.pdf . Accessed 2026-09-24. USD 165.7 bn (2024), USD 300 bn (2030), smart proteins, 21 BioEnablers. Government.
  • ECF-32. Cabinet Office, Japan. "Bioeconomy Strategy." 3 Jun 2024. https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/english/bio/bio_economy_en.pdf . Accessed 2026-09-24. JPY 100 trillion; biomanufacturing JPY 53.3 trillion; JPY 3 trillion a year investment by 2030. Government.
  • ECF-33. Korea Biomedical Review. "Korea passes world's 1st synthetic bio law." 3 Apr 2025. https://www.koreabiomed.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=27162 . Accessed 2026-09-24. Vote 2 Apr 2025; one-year grace; biofoundries. Press.
  • ECF-34. BioSpectrum Asia. "The rise of K-biotech." 1 May 2025. https://www.biospectrumasia.com/analysis/26/25968/the-rise-of-k-biotech.html . Accessed 2026-09-24. Biotech output USD 43 bn to 149 bn (2035); 150,000 jobs by 2027. Press.
  • ECF-35. EuropaBio and partners. "Joint statement on regulatory sandboxes under the Biotech Act I and the exclusion of novel foods." 30 Mar 2026. https://www.europabio.org/joint-statement-on-regulatory-sandboxes-under-the-biotech-act-i-and-the-exclusion-of-novel-foods/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. Proposal 16 Dec 2025; Art. 56(7) excludes novel foods. Industry association.
  • ECF-36. AGRINFO. "Biotech Act: strengthening the biotechnology sector." https://agrinfo.eu/book-of-reports/biotech-act-strengthening-the-biotechnology-sector/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. COM(2025)1022; Biotech Act II in preparation. EU-funded information platform.
  • ECF-37. Singapore Economic Development Board. "Singapore invests S$37 billion in RIE2030 research plan." December 2025. https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/business-insights/insights/singapore-invests-s37-billion-in-rie2030-research-plan-semiconductors-ageing-among-focus-areas.html . Accessed 2026-09-24. Government agency.
  • ECF-38. Climate Policy Initiative. "New data reveals global agrifood systems receive only 7% of total climate investment." 14 May 2025. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/press-release/new-data-reveals-global-agrifood-systems-receive-only-7-of-total-climate-investment/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. USD 95 bn (2021/22); USD 1.1 trillion a year needed by 2030. Research organisation.
  • ECF-39. Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) portal. "Phát triển công nghệ sinh học: Bài toán nhân lực từ 'điểm nghẽn' đến động lực đột phá." 6 Apr 2026. https://mst.gov.vn/phat-trien-cong-nghe-sinh-hoc-bai-toan-nhan-luc-tu-diem-nghen-den-dong-luc-dot-pha-197260406145346873.htm . Accessed 2026-09-24. Biotech workforce bottlenecks. Government.
  • ECF-40. Báo Công Thương. "Phê duyệt Đề án phát triển công nghiệp sinh học thành ngành kinh tế - kỹ thuật." 10 Jun 2026. https://congthuong.vn/phe-duyet-de-an-phat-trien-cong-nghiep-sinh-hoc-thanh-nganh-kinh-te-ky-thuat-460716.html . Accessed 2026-09-24. Decision 1355/QD-BCT (5 Jun 2026) targets. Ministry newspaper.
  • ECF-41. Quyết định 1002/QĐ-TTg năm 2025 phê duyệt Đề án đào tạo nguồn nhân lực phục vụ phát triển công nghệ cao giai đoạn 2025 đến 2035, định hướng đến năm 2045. Prime Minister, 24 May 2025. https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Lao-dong-Tien-luong/Quyet-dinh-1002-QD-TTg-2025-De-an-dao-tao-nguon-nhan-luc-phuc-vu-phat-trien-cong-nghe-cao-658181.aspx . Accessed 2026-09-24 (found via thuvienphapluat site search). Biotech graduate targets. Law.
  • ECF-42. Federation of American Scientists. "Translating vision into action: the NSCEB final report and the future of US biotechnology." 2025. https://fas.org/publication/translating-vision-into-action-nsceb-final-report/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. USD 15 billion recommendation; USD 210 billion GDP and 640,000 jobs; agriculture limited attention. Think tank.
  • ECF-43. Good Food Institute. "2026 State of Global Policy: public investment in protein diversification." April 2026. https://gfi-apac.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/GFI25009_SO_Policy_report.pdf . Accessed 2026-09-24. Public investment by country; USD 2.5 bn cumulative; China, US, Korea, Thailand figures. Advocacy.
  • ECF-44. Good Food Institute. "Alternative protein investment" data page (Net Zero Insights data). Updated August 2026. https://gfi.org/investment/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. 2025 and H1 2026 totals; over USD 19.5 bn since 2017. Advocacy (data).
  • ECF-45. BCG Economy Model (Thailand). "Background." https://www.bcg.in.th/eng/background/ . Accessed 2026-09-24. Four strategic sectors; no numeric targets on page. Government programme site.
  • ECF-46. RAND Corporation. Merrow E.W., Phillips K.E., Myers C.W. "Understanding cost growth and performance shortfalls in pioneer process plants." R-2569-DOE, 1981. https://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R2569.html . Accessed 2026-09-24 (abstract only). Lead for first-of-a-kind overruns. Research report.

HSC: Horizon scan and bibliometrics (wave 3) (37)

NTS: National targets (wave 3) (38)

NGF: Next-generation feedstocks (wave 4) (40)

  • NGF-01. Cuong, T.T., Le, H.A., Khai, N.M. and others (2021). Renewable energy from biomass surplus resource: potential of power generation from rice straw in Vietnam. Scientific Reports 11: 792. doi 10.1038/s41598-020-80678-3. Straw 54 Mt (2019 basis), ratio 1.19, 50% surplus, 2,565 MW potential, plant parameters. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NGF-02. Hung, N.V., Nguyen, C.D., Tran, T.V. and others (2016). Energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost of rice straw collection in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam. Field Crops Research 198: 16-22. doi 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.024. 4.72 t straw per ha; collection USD 12 to 18 per t; 12.4% moisture. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • NGF-03. Arai, H., Hosen, Y., Pham Hong, V.N. and others (2015). Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 61. doi 10.1080/00380768.2015.1041862. 21 Mt paddy, 24 Mt straw, one quarter burned. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • NGF-04. Kim Anh (8 Apr 2025). Làm sao tiêu thụ hết 14 triệu tấn rơm rạ từ một triệu hecta. Ministry of Agriculture and Environment news portal. https://mae.gov.vn/SMPT_Publishing_UC/KhaiThac/TinTuc/pInTinTuc.aspx?ItemID=17785&UrlList= . 14 Mt from 1 M ha; 30% collected; targets. Type: gov (ministry news).
  • NGF-05. Hung, N.V., Maguyon-Detras, M.C., Migo-Sumagang, M.V. and others (2020). Rice Straw Overview: Availability, Properties, and Management Practices. In Gummert, M., Hung, N.V., Chivenge, P., Douthwaite, B. (eds.), Sustainable Rice Straw Management, Springer. doi 10.1007/978-3-030-32373-8_1. Composition; mushroom yield and profit; soil-incorporation emissions. Type: peer-reviewed book chapter (excerpts).
  • NGF-06. Chen, X., Shekiro, J., Pschorn, T. and others (2015). Techno-economic analysis of the deacetylation and disk refining process. Biotechnology for Biofuels 8: 173. doi 10.1186/s13068-015-0358-0. MSSP USD 0.191 to 0.212 per lb. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • NGF-07. Ou, L., Dou, C., Yu, J.H. and others (2021). Techno-economic analysis of sugar production from lignocellulosic biomass with utilization of hemicellulose and lignin for high-value co-products. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 15(2): 404-415. doi 10.1002/bbb.2170. MSSP USD 446; 342 to 347 per t. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • NGF-08. Baral, P., Munagala, M., Shastri, Y., Kumar, V., Agrawal, D. (2021). Cost reduction approaches for fermentable sugar production from sugarcane bagasse and its impact on techno-economics and the environment. Cellulose 28: 6305-6322. doi 10.1007/s10570-021-03940-5. USD 1.32 per kg sugar; 1.57 kg CO2e per kg. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • NGF-09. Benova, D., Mares, K., Hutla, P. and others (2021). Energy Potential of Agri Residual Biomass in Southeast Asia with the Focus on Vietnam. Agronomy 11(1): 169. doi 10.3390/agronomy11010169. Residue ratios (straw 2.2, bagasse 0.3, trash 0.2). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NGF-10. Informist Media (27 Nov 2024). Govt's 2G ethanol plans in limbo as sole IOC Panipat plant lies inactive. https://informistmedia.com/MoneyWire/22664/Ethanol-Plans-Govt-s-2G-ethanol-plans-in-limbo-as-sole-IOC-Panipat-plant-lies-inactive . Design, problems, paused plants. Type: press.
  • NGF-11. ChiniMandi (2026, reporting a Lok Sabha answer; exact date not shown in the extract). India's first 2G ethanol plant at Panipat costs INR 984 crore, government tells Lok Sabha. https://www.chinimandi.com/indias-first-2g-ethanol-plant-at-panipat-costs-%E2%82%B9984-crore-government-tells-lok-sabha/ . Cost; 62% use in December 2025; silica and moisture issues. Type: press (reporting a parliamentary answer).
  • NGF-12. IRENA and Methanol Institute (2021). Innovation Outlook: Renewable Methanol. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Jan/IRENA_Innovation_Renewable_Methanol_2021.pdf . Bio- and e-methanol costs now and in 2050. Type: intergovernmental.
  • NGF-13. Meng, J., Liu, S., Gao, L., Hong, K., Liu, S., Wu, X. (2023). Economical production of Pichia pastoris single cell protein from methanol at industrial pilot scale. Microbial Cell Factories 22: 198. doi 10.1186/s12934-023-02198-9. 0.43 g DCW per g methanol; 50.6% protein; 33 C. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • NGF-14. European Union. Regulation (EC) No 767/2009 on the placing on the market and use of feed, consolidated text of 26 Dec 2018, Annex III Chapter 1 and footnote 9. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02009R0767-20181226 (read through the browser fallback). Type: law.
  • NGF-15. Jusakulvijit, P., Bezama, A., Thran, D. (2021). The Availability and Assessment of Potential Agricultural Residues for the Regional Development of Second-Generation Bioethanol in Thailand. Waste and Biomass Valorization 12. doi 10.1007/s12649-021-01424-y. 174.1 Mt residues; straw ratio 0.7 to 1.4. Type: peer-reviewed (excerpts).
  • NGF-16. Global Green Chemicals (11 Aug 2021). GGC and KTIS continue on the second phase construction of "Nakhonsawan BioComplex" project. https://www.ggcplc.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/162/ggc-and-ktis-continue-on-the-second-phase-construction-of-nakhonsawan-biocomplex-project-after-natureworks-llc-decided-to-invest-in-a-bioplastic-manufacturing-factory . Phase 2 scope. Type: company.
  • NGF-17. AgFunderNews (3 Jun 2025). Enifer to make mycoprotein in Brazil from corn ethanol side streams. https://agfundernews.com/enifer-partners-with-ethanol-giant-fs-for-mycoprotein-production-in-brazil . Plant sizes, feedstocks, PEKILO history. Type: press (company claims).
  • NGF-18. National Statistics Office (9 Apr 2026). Chuyển đổi cơ cấu cây trồng trên đất lúa vụ đông xuân năm 2026: những kết quả tích cực. https://www.nso.gov.vn/du-lieu-va-so-lieu-thong-ke/2026/04/chuyen-doi-co-cau-cay-trong-tren-dat-lua-vu-dong-xuan-nam-2026-nhung-ket-qua-tich-cuc/ . Rice-land conversion by use. Type: gov statistics.
  • NGF-19. Báo Chính phủ (12 Sep 2024). Quy định mới về chuyển đổi cơ cấu cây trồng, vật nuôi trên đất trồng lúa (Decree 112/2024/ND-CP). https://baochinhphu.vn/quy-dinh-moi-ve-chuyen-doi-co-cau-cay-trong-vat-nuoi-tren-dat-trong-lua-102240912111455559.htm . Type: gov (secondary reading of a decree).
  • NGF-20. Prime Minister. Decision 1177/QD-TTg (30 Jun 2026) adjusting the national land use plan, re-read for the changes in agricultural and non-agricultural land against Resolution 39/2021. Same URL as NTS-15. Type: law (plan).
  • NGF-21. Islam, M.R., Garcia, S.C., Sarker, N.R., Islam, M.A., Clark, C.E.F. (2023). Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) management strategies for dairy and meat production in the tropics and subtropics: yield and nutritive value. Frontiers in Plant Science 14: 1269976. doi 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269976. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • NGF-22. Devlamynck, R., Fernandes de Souza, M., Michels, E. and others (2021). Agronomic and Environmental Performance of Lemna minor Cultivated on Agricultural Wastewater Streams: A Practical Approach. Sustainability 13(3): 1570. doi 10.3390/su13031570. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • NGF-23. Roman, B., Brennan, R.A., Lambert, J.D. (2021). Duckweed protein supports the growth and organ development of mice: a feeding study comparison to conventional casein protein. Journal of Food Science. doi 10.1111/1750-3841.15635. Claim of 5 to 10 times crop protein yields. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract claim).
  • NGF-24. Lerdlattaporn, R., Phalakornkule, C., Trakulvichean, S. and others (2020). Implementing Circular Economy Concept by Converting Cassava Pulp and Wastewater to Biogas for Sustainable Production in Starch Industry. Research Square preprint. doi 10.21203/rs.3.rs-103700/v1. Plant data (6,560 m3 per day; COD 12,184 mg per L; biogas); Thai national biogas 2014; COD range. Type: preprint (excerpts).
  • NGF-25. Zhu, W., Lestander, T.A., Orberg, H. and others (2015, online 2013). Cassava stems: a new resource to increase food and fuel production. GCB Bioenergy 7(1): 72-83. doi 10.1111/gcbb.12112. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • NGF-26. Wei, M., Zhu, W., Xie, H., Lestander, T.A., Xiong, S. (2015). Cassava stem wastes as potential feedstock for fuel ethanol production: a basic parameter study. Renewable Energy 83: 970-978. doi 10.1016/j.renene.2015.05.054. Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • NGF-27. Kaewwinud, N., Khokhajaikiat, P., Boonma, A. (2017). Effect of moisture and region of cut on cassava stalk properties in biomass applications. Research in Agricultural Engineering 63(1): 23-28. doi 10.17221/70/2015-rae. 30% of stalks kept for planting (citing FAO 2008). Type: peer-reviewed (abstract).
  • NGF-28. Ngan, D.T.M., Ghi, T.N., Tien, H.V. (2024). Drivers of Food Waste Habits at Household Level in Vietnam. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 19(7). doi 10.18280/ijsdp.190713. Cites UNEP Food Waste Index 2021: 76 kg per person per year. Type: peer-reviewed (citation snippet).
  • NGF-29. Prayitno, P., Rulianah, S. (2022). Production of biogas using AnF2B reactor from cassava starch wastewater with consortium bacteria as biocatalyst. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 969: 012003. doi 10.1088/1755-1315/969/1/012003. COD 7,000 to 30,000 mg per L. Type: conference paper.
  • NGF-30. Ninh Binh rural development coordination office (31 May 2019). Sử dụng thức ăn thừa để chăn nuôi lợn, nguy cơ lây lan dịch bệnh cao. https://vpdpnongthonmoi.ninhbinh.gov.vn/nha-nong-can-biet/su-dung-thuc-an-thua-de-chan-nuoi-lon-nguy-co-lay-lan-dich-benh-cao-243.html . Veterinary Department advice; no legal ban. Type: gov (provincial).
  • NGF-31. Nông nghiệp và Môi trường (30 Jun 2026). Nhiên liệu xanh đưa nông nghiệp vào chuỗi giá trị mới. https://nongnghiepmoitruong.vn/nhien-lieu-xanh-dua-nong-nghiep-vao-chuoi-gia-tri-moi-d819098.html . E10 rollout; E15 and E20; residues as future feedstock; enzyme cost. Type: press (ministry-affiliated).
  • NGF-32. Tạp chí Công Thương (29 Mar 2017). Bài toán nguyên liệu cho sản xuất cồn ethanol. https://tapchicongthuong.vn/bai-toan-nguyen-lieu-cho-san-xuat-con-ethanol-46864.htm . 2G ethanol potential 10.9 billion litres. Type: press (MOIT journal).
  • NGF-33. C&EN (December 2023). Clariant is latest firm to pull out of cellulosic ethanol. https://cen.acs.org/business/biobased-chemicals/Clariant-latest-firm-pull-cellulosic/101/web/2023/12 . Podari capacity and cost; earlier exits. Type: trade press.
  • NGF-34. Clariant (6 Dec 2023). Clariant shuts its sunliquid bioethanol plant in Romania. https://www.clariant.com/en/Corporate/News/2023/12/Clariant-shuts-its-sunliquid-bioethanol-plant-in-Romania . Reasons; CHF 110 M impairment. Type: company.
  • NGF-35. van der Kley, D. (January 2026). China publishes model project list for "Non-Grain Bio-based Materials Industry". Substack newsletter. https://dirkvanderkley.substack.com/p/china-publishes-model-project-list . Summary of the MIIT and MARA list. Type: secondary analysis (newsletter).
  • NGF-36. Diep, N.Q., Sakanishi, K., Nakagoshi, N., Fujimoto, S., Minowa, T. (2015). Potential for rice straw ethanol production in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Renewable Energy 74: 456-463. doi 10.1016/j.renene.2014.08.051. Lead only (closed access). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NGF-37. Nguyen, T.H., Doan, Q.V., Khan, A. and others (2024). The potential of agricultural and livestock wastes as a source of biogas in Vietnam: energetic, economic and environmental evaluation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 199: 114440. doi 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114440. Lead only (closed access). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NGF-38. Ding, K., Liu, D., Chen, X. and others (2024). Scalable lignocellulosic biorefineries: technoeconomic review for efficient fermentable sugars production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 202: 114692. doi 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114692. Lead only (closed access). Type: peer-reviewed review.
  • NGF-39. Người Lao Động, via Tuổi Trẻ (15 Sep 2025). Tiềm năng phát điện từ khí sinh học. https://tuoitre.vn/nld/tiem-nang-phat-dien-tu-khi-sinh-hoc-196250914210402823.htm . No national biogas figure; large farms over 21% of the herd in Thanh Hoa; generator cost about USD 2,000 per kW. Type: press.
  • NGF-calc. AltProtein Vietnam NGF arithmetic (this work): ngf_calc.py, 24 September 2026. Type: our estimate.

AQF: Aquaculture and aquafeed futures (wave 4) (36)

HUB: Spatial hubs (wave 4) (29)

VIS: Vision benchmarks and foresight practice (wave 5) (50)

DIE: Protein diet and prices (wave 6, v0.3) (38)

CHY: Chay and plant eating (wave 6, v0.3) (69)

CON: Consumers and plant-based products (wave 6, v0.3) (39)

NOV: Frontier categories (wave 6, v0.3) (82)

CHN: Channels and institutions (wave 6, v0.3) (58)

BUY: Business buyers (wave 6, v0.3) (47)

EXP: Export demand (wave 6, v0.3) (52)

GLB: Global and Asian benchmarks (wave 6, v0.3) (66)

AFN: Actor check: funders and field-builders (wave 7), v0.4 (50)

  • AFN-01. Coefficient Giving. Request for Proposals: Alternative Protein R&D. Page updated 9 September 2026. Type: company.
  • AFN-02. Coefficient Giving. Farm Animal Welfare fund page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • AFN-03. Coefficient Giving. Alternatives to Animal Products (focus area page). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • AFN-04. Conrad, C. (Nova Vista Foundation). $10M RFP for Alt Protein Policy and Market-Shaping. EA Forum, 7 August 2026. Read through the ea.greaterwrong.com mirror because the forum returned HTTP 403. Type: other.
  • AFN-05. Nova Vista Foundation. RFP: Protein Innovation (published Google Doc, linked from AFN-04). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • AFN-06. The Navigation Fund. Farm animal welfare grants page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • AFN-07. Winslow, J. (Humane and Sustainable Food Lab, Stanford). Research report: modern alternative proteins did not replace meat purchases in restaurants. EA Forum, 26 August 2026 (read through ea.greaterwrong.com mirror). Type: other.
  • AFN-08. The Good Food Institute. Alternative protein research grants 2026 (Research Grant Program page). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-09. vegconomist. GFI Research Grant Program will provide up to $3.5MM for alternative protein projects in two key areas. 27 March 2025. Type: press.
  • AFN-10. The Good Food Institute. State of the Industry: plant-based meat, seafood, eggs, dairy and ingredients (resource page). Updated 5 May 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-11. GFI APAC. GFI APAC's 2025 Report Card + 6 Things to Watch in 2026. January 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-12. GFI APAC. Team page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-13. GFI APAC. Temasek-backed firm upgrades Singapore's conventional meat with plant proteins. 4 September 2025. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-14. vegconomist. Malnutrition data frames India roundtable on building alt-protein into state feeding schemes. 3 August 2026. Type: press.
  • AFN-15. Bezos Earth Fund. Bezos Centre for Sustainable Protein opens at the National University of Singapore. 5 September 2024. Type: other.
  • AFN-16. National University of Singapore, Bezos Centre for Sustainable Protein. Research areas page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • AFN-17. FoodNavigator. Million-dollar sustainable protein grant aims to fast-track market entry. 19 January 2026. Type: press.
  • AFN-18. Asia Research and Engagement. The Asia Protein Buyers 100 (APB 100) Report 2026 (web page, infographic and full report PDF). 19 February 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-19. Asia Research and Engagement. Asia Protein Transition Platform page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-20. FAIRR Initiative. Protein Diversification engagement: overview. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-21. FAIRR Initiative. Coller FAIRR Protein Producer Index: Vietnam Dairy Products JSC (2024 assessment). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: database.
  • AFN-22. Humane World for Animals. Viet Nam programme page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-23. Block, K. and Amundson, S. Giving thanks for progress for farmed animals all over the world. Humane World for Animals blog, 26 November 2025. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-24. Humane World for Animals. How Forward Food is shifting menus toward plants. 27 March 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-25. Animal Charity Evaluators. Recommended charities (2025 list). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-26. Animal Charity Evaluators. Sinergia Animal charity review (2025). Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-27. Animal Charity Evaluators. Good Food Fund charity review (2025). Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-28. Animal Charity Evaluators. Announcing our latest Movement Grants disbursement. July 2025. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-29. Animal Alliance Asia. ReRoot Asia Fund page (2026 round). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-30. Giving Green. Top climate change nonprofit recommendations (2025 to 2026). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-31. Founders Pledge. Climate Fund impact page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • AFN-32. The Rockefeller Foundation. School Meals initiative page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • AFN-33. School Meals Coalition. Members page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • AFN-34. WWF. Planet-Based Diets Retailer Methodology. November 2025 (PDF created 6 November 2025). Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-35. WWF-Viet Nam. Home page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-36. Dharma Voices for Animals. Vietnam Project page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-37. Vietnam Animal Welfare Watch. Home page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AFN-38. Green Queen. Sustainability NGO gets 175+ food companies in Asia to commit to responsible sourcing (Lever Foundation). 14 February 2025. Type: press.
  • AFN-39. Green Queen. Exclusive: Lever Foundation expands plant-based policy work to India and Thailand. 3 July 2026 (updated 9 July 2026). Type: press.
  • AFN-40. Accor. Accor Group Good Food Policy. November 2024. Type: company.
  • AFN-41. Travel Daily News Asia. Accor expands in Vietnam with new Mercure Nha Trang opening. 16 October 2024. Type: press.
  • AFN-42. Kim, S.-Y. and Kim, M. (2025). Nutritional quality evaluation of plant-based elementary school meals in Seoul. Nutrition Research and Practice 19(3): 453. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • AFN-43. Tempo. Spesialis gizi ingatkan Makan Bergizi Gratis utamakan protein hewani (nutrition specialist urges free nutritious meals to prioritise animal protein). January 2025. Type: press.
  • AFN-44. Thu Vien Phap Luat. Chuong trinh Suc khoe hoc duong giai doan 2026-2035 theo Quyet dinh 973/QD-TTg (School Health Programme 2026 to 2035 under Decision 973/QĐ-TTg of 1 June 2026). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: database.
  • AFN-45. Suc khoe va Doi song. Nhan rong mo hinh bua an hoc duong: mat xich quan trong trong Chuong trinh Suc khoe hoc duong 2026-2035. 25 June 2026. Type: press.
  • AFN-46. Bua an hoc duong project website (Ajinomoto Vietnam, National Institute of Nutrition, Ministry of Education and Training). Page updated 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • AFN-47. Scaling Up Nutrition. Viet Nam reduces child stunting to 18.2% with increased nutrition investment. Undated news page. Type: gov/statistics.
  • AFN-48. ProVeg Incubator. Home page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • AFN-49. GAIN (Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition). Workforce Nutrition programme page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • AFN-50. GFI APAC. Food policy page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.

AIS: Actor check: investors and startups (wave 7), v0.4 (48)

  • AIS-01. FoodNavigator. Alternative protein funding diverges as investors prioritize scale and bankability. 18 Feb 2026. Type: press.
  • AIS-02. AgFunder. AgFunder Global AgriFoodTech Investment Report 2026 (landing page). 30 Mar 2026. Type: market-research.
  • AIS-03. AgFunder. Research index page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: market-research.
  • AIS-04. AgFunderNews. Data snapshot: APAC alt protein investment trends, transitioning from CPG to picks and shovels. 16 Nov 2023. Type: press.
  • AIS-05. Huling, R. Korea overtakes Singapore as APAC's cultivated meat startup epicentre, plus four other takeaways from GFI's new reports. GFI APAC, 21 Apr 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AIS-06. GFI APAC. GFI APAC's 2025 Report Card + 6 Things to Watch in 2026. Jan 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AIS-07. Temasek. Transcript: Temasek Review 2025 Media Briefing. 9 Jul 2025. Type: company.
  • AIS-08. Temasek. Temasek establishes the Asia Sustainable Foods Platform to accelerate the commercialisation of sustainable foods in Asia. 15 Nov 2021. Type: company.
  • AIS-09. Green Queen. Nurasa opens FTIC future food and alt-protein hub in Singapore. 3 May 2024, updated 30 Jul 2025. Type: press.
  • AIS-10. GFI APAC. Temasek-backed firm upgrades Singapore's conventional meat with plant proteins. Sep 2025. Type: advocacy.
  • AIS-11. Big Idea Ventures. Home page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • AIS-12. AgFunderNews. Better Bite Ventures navigates evolving alt protein landscape (video interview). 15 Nov 2023. Type: press.
  • AIS-13. AgFunderNews. Asia became the 'world's factory' for manufacturing. It'll do the same for alt-protein, says Better Bite VC. 24 Feb 2022. Type: press.
  • AIS-14. Openspace. Openspace continues to invest in agritech with Nutrition Technologies. 19 Sep 2022. Type: company.
  • AIS-15. VPCA. Vietnam Innovation & Private Capital Report 2026 (Do Ventures, NIC and VPCA). 2026. Type: market-research.
  • AIS-16. VIR. VinaCapital Ventures invests in South Korea's INNOHAS. 2 Jul 2024. Type: press.
  • AIS-17. Doanh nhan va Phap luat. VinaCapital tham gia van hanh Quy Dau tu mao hiem TP. HCM (VinaCapital to operate the Ho Chi Minh City venture fund). 20 Apr 2026. Type: press.
  • AIS-18. Thanh Nien. Quy dau tu mao hiem TP.HCM tiep nhan 50 de xuat, giai ngan tu quy 4/2026 (HCMC venture fund receives 50 proposals, disburses from Q4 2026). 25 Aug 2026. Type: press.
  • AIS-19. Mekong Capital. Home page and Entobel investment page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • AIS-20. IFC. Sustainable insect-based protein: IFC invests in ProNuvo to boost the circular economy in Latin America and the Caribbean. 19 Jun 2024. Type: gov/statistics.
  • AIS-21. The Fish Site. Insect meal: can the sector still deliver on its 2030 promise? 18 Dec 2025. Type: press.
  • AIS-22. ADB Ventures. Home page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • AIS-23. SeafoodSource. Thai Union unveils plan to double earnings by 2030. 13 Nov 2024. Type: press.
  • AIS-24. Charoen Pokphand Foods. CP Foods taps into future trends with food tech solutions. 21 Jul 2022. Type: company.
  • AIS-25. Kamereo. Product listings for Meat Zero chay products (Heo Xay Chay Meat Zero 1kg; Heo Quay Chay Meat Zero 200g; plus minced 220 g and 1 kg, roast 1 kg, chay bologna 90 g and 500 g). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • AIS-26. Kamereo. About Kamereo. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • AIS-27. Asia Business Daily. CJ CheilJedang partners with Vietnam's top retail network to target consumers with 'CJ Zone'. 27 Apr 2026. Type: press.
  • AIS-28. PR Newswire. TiNDLE Foods pivots business model to focus on private label products. 20 Nov 2025. Type: company.
  • AIS-29. AgFunderNews. From record Series A to market reset: where TiNDLE Foods, and plant-based meat, go next. 16 Jul 2025. Type: press.
  • AIS-30. Protein Production Technology International. Green Rebel Foods secured US$12.5 million as Indonesia's first plant-based meat startup scaled regionally. 6 Feb 2026. Type: press.
  • AIS-31. DealStreetAsia. Indonesia's Green Rebel Foods bags $10.5m from existing backers. 21 Jan 2026. Type: press.
  • AIS-32. AgFunder. Portfolio: Green Rebel. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • AIS-33. Growthwell Foods. About Us. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • AIS-34. Protein Production Technology International. Singapore cell-cultivated seafood firm Avant Proteins winds up local operations. Feb 2026. Type: press.
  • AIS-35. PetfoodIndustry. Umami Bioworks, Friends & Family Pet Food launch cultivated seafood for pets. 3 Sep 2025. Type: press.
  • AIS-36. SeafoodSource. Umami Bioworks launches marine-based skincare partnership; Bayou Best Foods expands in US. 23 Jan 2026. Type: press.
  • AIS-37. Green Queen. Australia's Vow appoints new CEO amid expansion beyond cultivated meat. 23 Jun 2026. Type: press.
  • AIS-38. Asia Ingredients Group (ACC). ACC and Angel Yeast introduce Yeast Protein, a sustainable protein solution for the food industry. 26 May 2025. Type: company.
  • AIS-39. Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative (We-Fi). Pioneering sustainable agri-tech and plant-based proteins from Vietnam. 15 Dec 2025, updated 5 Jan 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • AIS-40. Bao Cong Thuong. Startup: Thich ung de ton tai (Startups: adapt to survive). 21 Feb 2022. Type: press.
  • AIS-41. Dien dan Doanh nghiep. Startup 'thit thuc vat' duoc dau tu 4 ty cho 49% co phan (Plant-meat startup gets VND 4 billion for 49%). 18 Jun 2021. Type: press.
  • AIS-42. Kashew Cheese. Wholesale plant-based cheese: partner with Kashew Cheese Vietnam. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • AIS-43. Ong Tempeh. Gioi thieu (About). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • AIS-44. Sayson, I. Philippines' top noodle maker downsizes loss-making alternative meats business. Forbes, 25 Nov 2024. Type: press.
  • AIS-45. AgFunderNews. Beyond Meat to lay off 6% of its workforce and suspend operations in China. 26 Feb 2025. Type: press.
  • AIS-46. AgFunderNews. Singapore-based startup Meatiply raises $3.75m to expand cultivated meat, functional ingredients platform. 6 Dec 2023. Type: press.
  • AIS-47. AgFunderNews. Funding dip for alt protein fermentation signals shift from promise to proof, say GFI. Apr 2026. Type: press.
  • AIS-48. Manila Bulletin. Monde Nissin profits dip in 2025 but show signs of recovery. 26 Mar 2026. Type: press.

AIB: Actor check: incumbents and first buyers (wave 7), v0.4 (45)

  • AIB-01. Vinamilk (Vietnam Dairy Products JSC). Báo cáo thường niên 2025 (Annual Report 2025), PDF, digitally signed 19 Mar 2026. Type: company.
  • AIB-02. CafeF. Vinamilk lên kế hoạch doanh thu 2026 cao kỷ lục, trả cổ tức tối thiểu 50% lợi nhuận. 1 Apr 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-03. Thanh Niên. Vinamilk Green Farm Cao Đạm: Giải pháp dinh dưỡng giúp chăm sóc sức khỏe chủ động. 31 Oct 2025. Type: press.
  • AIB-04. Mekong ASEAN. Sojitz khai trương nhà máy chế biến thịt bò mát 10.000 tấn tại Tam Đảo. 18 Dec 2024. Type: press.
  • AIB-05. Công ty CP Đường Quảng Ngãi (QNS). Báo cáo của Hội đồng Quản trị tại ĐHĐCĐ thường niên năm 2026 (Board report to the 2026 AGM), 11 Mar 2026. Type: company.
  • AIB-06. Công ty CP Đường Quảng Ngãi (QNS). Báo cáo thường niên 2025 (Annual Report 2025), Mar 2026. Type: company.
  • AIB-07. Dân trí. Vinasoy mở rộng phát triển dinh dưỡng thực vật. 8 May 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-08. Giáo dục Việt Nam. 30 trường, 1 triệu hộp sữa: tiếp nối hành trình mang dưỡng chất lành đến những mầm xanh tương lai. 18 Sep 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-09. Nhà Đầu Tư. Tập đoàn TH: Tiên phong những xu hướng dinh dưỡng lành mạnh. 19 Feb 2025. Type: press.
  • AIB-10. Nutifood eShop (Ngôi nhà dinh dưỡng). Thực phẩm bổ sung sữa hạt công thức Värna Life pha sẵn (hộp combi 200 ml), product page. Type: company.
  • AIB-11. Masan Group. Masan MEATLife: As the Operating Platform Matures, a New Growth Cycle Emerges. 3 Feb 2026. Type: company.
  • AIB-12. Masan Group. Đại Kết Nối cho chu kỳ tăng trưởng mới (Masan AGM 2026: The Great Connectivity). 24 Apr 2026. Type: company.
  • AIB-13. CafeF. ĐHĐCĐ Masan 2026: CEO Danny Le cho rằng cổ phiếu MSN đang bị định giá thấp hơn 60% giá trị thực. 24 Apr 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-14. VISSAN. VISSAN tổ chức Đại hội đồng cổ đông thường niên 2026. 23 Apr 2026. Type: company.
  • AIB-15. Doanh nhân (Báo Pháp luật TP.HCM). ĐHĐCĐ Vissan (VSN) 2026: Chấp nhận giảm biên lợi nhuận để bình ổn giá, dồn lực cho hai dự án lớn. 23 Apr 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-16. Sài Gòn Giải Phóng. VISSAN ra mắt bộ đôi sản phẩm chay tiện lợi. 27 Aug 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-17. The Investor (Korea Herald). CJ CheilJedang to expand plant-based sales to W200b by 2025. 19 Jul 2022. Type: press.
  • AIB-18. Tuổi Trẻ. ACECOOK Việt Nam công bố chiến lược đổi mới. 5 Jul 2025. Type: press.
  • AIB-19. Charoen Pokphand Foods PCL. 56-1 One Report 2025 (English), Mar 2026. Type: company.
  • AIB-20. Sài Gòn Food JSC. Về SGFood (About SGFood), company page. Type: company.
  • AIB-21. Vietstock. Cholimex nói gì về kế hoạch bán 'con gà đẻ trứng vàng' Cholimex Food? Apr 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-22. Nestlé Việt Nam. Phát triển bền vững (sustainability page). Type: company.
  • AIB-23. Food Ingredients First. Nestlé's GLP-1 strategy reframes food formulation around nutrient density. 20 Aug 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-24. Ajinomoto Vietnam. Dự án 'Bữa ăn học đường' giúp nâng cao chất lượng cho bữa ăn học đường tại Việt Nam. Undated company page (data to Nov 2022). Type: company.
  • AIB-25. CafeF. Ngành thức ăn nhẹ tại Việt Nam: Khi thương hiệu lắng nghe để phát triển. 21 Jul 2025. Type: press.
  • AIB-26. Doanh nhân (Báo Pháp luật TP.HCM). ĐHĐCĐ Thế Giới Di Động (MWG) 2026: Mục tiêu lợi nhuận kỷ lục 9.200 tỷ, 'bạo chi' 3.000 tỷ trả cổ tức và tham vọng IPO Bách Hóa Xanh. 18 Apr 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-27. Pháp luật và Sức khỏe (Sức khỏe & Đời sống). Công thức để Chủ tịch Nguyễn Đức Tài 'nhân bản' chuỗi Bách Hóa Xanh: Đổi từ chợ hiện đại sang siêu thị mini; tăng rau, thịt cá có thương hiệu. 24 Aug 2024. Type: press.
  • AIB-28. Thanh Niên. Saigon Co.op thêm giá trị cho giỏ hàng Việt từ hàng nhãn riêng. 25 Sep 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-29. Sài Gòn Giải Phóng. Hàng nhãn riêng Co.op hút khách nhờ tối ưu chi phí. 11 Sep 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-30. Co.op Online. Há cảo chay Co.op Select 415g, product page. Type: company.
  • AIB-31. Inside Retail Asia. Central Retail bets big on Vietnam with 30 new stores planned. 6 Mar 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-32. AEON Vietnam. Topvalu (private brands) page. Type: company.
  • AIB-33. VietnamPlus. Aeon mở rộng mạnh mẽ tại Việt Nam đến năm 2030. 7 Jul 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-34. VCCI. LOTTE Mart chuyển hướng chiến lược, nhắm tới các đô thị công nghiệp Việt Nam. 22 Aug 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-35. Saigon Times, republished by Tuổi Trẻ. Suất ăn công nghiệp: Thị trường 'nhạy cảm' tại Việt Nam. 3 Dec 2024. Type: press.
  • AIB-36. Haseca. Haseca, công ty suất ăn công nghiệp hàng đầu tại Việt Nam với hơn 200.000 suất ăn mỗi ngày. 20 Feb 2025. Type: company.
  • AIB-37. Haseca. Suất ăn công nghiệp cho nhà máy cần lưu ý gì? Undated blog. Type: company.
  • AIB-38. Sodexo USA. Sustainable Eating for People and Planet (corporate responsibility page). Type: company.
  • AIB-39. Bộ Y tế (Ministry of Health). Quyết định số 3958/QĐ-BYT ngày 25/12/2025 ban hành Hướng dẫn dinh dưỡng đối với bữa ăn học đường. PDF hosted by the National Institute of Nutrition. Type: gov/statistics.
  • AIB-40. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Food Processing Ingredients Annual, Hanoi, Vietnam, report VM2026-0004. Apr 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • AIB-41. Báo Chính phủ. Tăng cường bảo đảm an toàn, chất lượng bữa ăn bán trú trong các cơ sở giáo dục (Công điện 64/CĐ-TTg). 13 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • AIB-42. Giáo dục Việt Nam. Sở GD&ĐT TPHCM: Cơ sở giáo dục phải công khai hàng ngày thông tin liên quan suất ăn của học sinh. 18 Sep 2026. Type: press.
  • AIB-43. Sở Công Thương Quảng Bình. Giải pháp nâng cao chất lượng bữa ăn ca của người lao động theo Kết luận số 03/KL-TLĐ của Tổng Liên đoàn Lao động Việt Nam. Type: gov/statistics.
  • AIB-44. Bệnh viện Bệnh Nhiệt đới (Hospital for Tropical Diseases, HCMC). Mời báo giá dự toán gói thầu Cung cấp suất ăn qua miệng cho người bệnh năm 2025. 25 Mar 2025. Type: gov/statistics.
  • AIB-45. Pháp luật Quân sự. Thông tư số 96/2025/TT-BQP quy định tiêu chuẩn, định lượng ăn và mức tiền ăn cơ bản bộ binh. Aug 2025. Type: other.

APR: Actor check: policy, research and international bodies (wave 7), v0.4 (45)

  • APR-01. Prime Minister of Viet Nam. Quyet dinh 02/QD-TTg phe duyet Chien luoc quoc gia ve dinh duong giai doan 2021-2030 va tam nhin den nam 2045. 5 Jan 2022. Full text read via LuatVietnam. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-02. Prime Minister of Viet Nam. Quyet dinh 300/QD-TTg phe duyet Ke hoach hanh dong quoc gia chuyen doi he thong luong thuc thuc pham minh bach, trach nhiem va ben vung o Viet Nam den nam 2030. 28 Mar 2023. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-03. Bao Chinh phu. Hanh dong chuyen doi he thong luong thuc thuc pham minh bach, trach nhiem va ben vung. 28 Mar 2023. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-04. Ministry of Health (Bo Y te). Quyet dinh 3958/QD-BYT ban hanh Huong dan dinh duong doi voi bua an hoc duong. 25 Dec 2025 (PDF posted on the NIN website 26 May 2026). Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-05. Politburo (Bo Chinh tri). Nghi quyet 72-NQ/TW ve mot so giai phap dot pha, tang cuong bao ve, cham soc va nang cao suc khoe nhan dan. 9 Sep 2025. Full text on the Government portal. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-06. Politburo. Nghi quyet 71-NQ/TW ve dot pha phat trien giao duc va dao tao. 22 Aug 2025. Full text on the Government portal. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-07. Dan Tri. Chu tich Quoc hoi: Sua luat, thuc pham den tay nguoi dan co an toan khong? 24 Sep 2026. Type: press.
  • APR-08. VnExpress. Giao do an truc tuyen se phai dap ung dieu kien an toan. 24 Sep 2026. Type: press.
  • APR-09. Bao Chinh phu. Ho tro bua an trua cho hoc sinh tieu hoc, THCS o cac xa bien gioi (Nghi dinh 339/2025/ND-CP). 26 Dec 2025. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-10. Prime Minister. Quyet dinh 1520/QD-TTg phe duyet Chien luoc phat trien chan nuoi giai doan 2021-2030, tam nhin 2045. 6 Oct 2020. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-11. Prime Minister. Quyet dinh 309/QD-TTg phe duyet Chien luoc phat trien nganh sua giai doan den nam 2030, tam nhin den nam 2045 (effective 23 Feb 2026). Text on the Government portal. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-12. Suc khoe va Doi song. Thu tuong phe duyet Chuong trinh Suc khoe hoc duong giai doan 2026-2035 (Quyet dinh 973/QD-TTg ngay 1/6/2026). Jun 2026. Type: press.
  • APR-13. Suc khoe va Doi song. Chuan hoa dinh duong hoc duong toan quoc. 16 May 2026. Type: press.
  • APR-14. Ministry of Science and Technology portal. Luat Phong benh 2026: Chuyen manh tu chua benh sang chu dong phong benh. 5 Aug 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-15. National Assembly. Luat Phong benh so 114/2025/QH15. Adopted 10 Dec 2025, in force 1 Jul 2026. Read via LuatVietnam through the fetch tool. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-16. Ministry of Health. Quyet dinh 1982/QD-BYT ban hanh Huong dan chuyen mon cac bien phap thuc hien dinh duong trong phong benh. 1 Jul 2026. Text via LuatVietnam. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-17. Ministry of Health. Muoi loi khuyen dinh duong hop ly den nam 2030 (Quyet dinh 3594/QD-BYT, 29 Nov 2024). NIN web page posted 2 Jun 2025. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-18. Tee ES, Pedro MRA, Therakomen V, et al. Food-based dietary guidelines in Southeast Asian countries: a comparison and update. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 2026; 32(2). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • APR-19. Tuoi Tre. Danh thue tieu thu dac biet voi nuoc giai khat co duong, xang, dieu hoa cong suat tu 24.000 BTU. 14 Jun 2025. Type: press.
  • APR-20. Global Health Advocacy Incubator. Vietnam introduces country's first sugar-sweetened beverage tax. 9 Jul 2025. Type: advocacy.
  • APR-21. WHO Viet Nam. Historic moment for Viet Nam: WHO urges lawmakers to vote for higher tobacco, alcohol and sugary drink taxes. News release, 13 Jun 2025. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-22. Ministry of Finance, policy Q&A portal. Question 158420 on the scope of Law 66/2025/QH15 (Special Consumption Tax). Undated page. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-23. CGIAR Initiative on Sustainable Healthy Diets (SHiFT). Where food systems transformation in Viet Nam stands today: report back from SHiFT stocktaking session. 31 Jan 2025. Type: other.
  • APR-24. CGIAR Better Diets and Nutrition (BDN). BDN's contribution to the 2026 Asia-Pacific Food Systems Progress Review. 2026. Type: other.
  • APR-25. Viet Nam News. Viet Nam promotes green, low-emission food system through innovation, cooperation. 9 Jan 2026. Type: press.
  • APR-26. Even B, Truong TTT, Thai HTM, Pham HTM, Nguyen DT, Bui ATV, Bene C. Unpacking food environment policy landscapes for healthier diets in emerging countries: the case of Viet Nam. Frontiers in Public Health 2025; 13. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • APR-27. UNICEF Executive Board. Viet Nam country programme document 2027-2031 (E/ICEF/2026/P/L.13, 6 Jul 2026), for the second regular session, 1 to 4 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-28. World Bank. Recipe for a Livable Planet: Achieving Net Zero Emissions in the Agrifood System. Press release, 6 May 2024. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-29. World Bank. Project Information Document: Low Methane Agricultural Transformation in East Asia (P504625), incl. Viet Nam TCAF One Million Hectare High Quality Low-Carbon Rice. 2024. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-30. ILRI. Viet Nam outlines food safety priorities for 2026 to 2030 under One Health framework. 12 Dec 2025. Type: other.
  • APR-31. Devex. How ADB plans to invest $40B in food systems by 2030. 7 May 2025. Type: press.
  • APR-32. European Commission, DG International Partnerships. Global Gateway in Vietnam: Commissioner Sikela promotes European investment with new focus on transport. 25 Mar 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-33. European Commission, DG International Partnerships. Vietnam country page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-34. USDA FAS GAIN. Vietnam: Food Processing Ingredients Annual, report VM2026-0004. 6 Apr 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-35. ACIAR. Annual Operational Plan 2023-24: Vietnam. Read through the fetch tool. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-36. Global Diet Quality Project (GAIN, Harvard, Gallup). Viet Nam: Diet Quality Questionnaire indicators, data collected 13 Dec 2021 to 12 Jan 2022. DQQ Results Dataset 2021-2024, Harvard Dataverse. Type: database.
  • APR-37. GAIN. Workforce Nutrition programme page and Countries page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: other.
  • APR-38. School Meals Coalition. Members page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: other.
  • APR-39. School Meals Coalition. Southeast Asia School Meals Coalition Summit, Siem Reap, 18 to 20 Nov 2024. Type: other.
  • APR-40. World Food Programme. Country page for Viet Nam (https://www.wfp.org/countries/viet-nam) returned 'Page not found' on 25 Sep 2026. Type: other.
  • APR-41. Ajinomoto Group. Vietnam: School Meal Project (sustainability page). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • APR-42. Tuoi Tre. Dua kien thuc dinh duong khoa hoc den gan hon voi cong dong. 10 Sep 2026. Type: press.
  • APR-43. Thanh Nien. Truoc them luat phong benh 2026: Dinh duong thuc vat gop phan song khoe chu dong. 20 Jun 2026 (labelled 'Thong tin dich vu', sponsored). Type: press.
  • APR-44. UNICEF Viet Nam and World Bank. World Bank, UNICEF call for solid steps to address child undernutrition in Viet Nam. 12 Sep 2019. Type: gov/statistics.
  • APR-45. Thanh Nien Viet. Tao luong xanh thao go vuong mac ban tru, siet an toan thuc pham hoc duong. 24 Sep 2026. Type: press.

PMR: Public meals (wave 7), v0.4 (34)

  • PMR-01. Thủ tướng Chính phủ. Quyết định số 973/QĐ-TTg ngày 01/6/2026 phê duyệt Chương trình Sức khỏe học đường giai đoạn 2026-2035 (signed PDF, 15 pages, via Thư Viện Pháp Luật). Type: gov/statistics.
  • PMR-02. Thủ tướng Chính phủ. Chỉ thị 33/CT-TTg ngày 14/8/2026 về tăng cường bảo đảm an toàn thực phẩm trong cơ sở giáo dục (Thư Viện Pháp Luật). Type: gov/statistics.
  • PMR-03. Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo. Quyết định 2195/QĐ-BGDĐT ngày 10/8/2022 phê duyệt Hướng dẫn công tác tổ chức bữa ăn học đường kết hợp tăng cường hoạt động thể lực cho trẻ em, học sinh trong các cơ sở giáo dục mầm non và tiểu học. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PMR-04. Sở GD&ĐT Hà Nội. Sở GDĐT tập huấn công tác tổ chức bữa ăn bán trú cho hơn 600 hiệu trưởng trường mầm non, tiểu học. 13 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PMR-05. UBND phường Bồ Đề. Thông báo số 979/TB-UBND ngày 26/8/2026 kết quả lựa chọn và phân công đơn vị cung cấp thực phẩm, nguyên liệu thực phẩm, suất ăn phục vụ bữa ăn bán trú năm học 2026-2027 (posted by Ngoc Lam Primary). Type: gov/statistics.
  • PMR-06. Trường Tiểu học Ngọc Lâm. Thông báo số 04/TB-THNL ngày 30/8/2026 về việc tổ chức bữa ăn bán trú cho học sinh theo Nghị quyết số 84/2026/NQ-HĐND. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PMR-07. Trường Tiểu học Chu Văn An (Hải Phòng). Thư mời báo giá số 01/TM-THCVA gói thầu cung cấp dịch vụ suất ăn năm học 2026-2027. 21 Aug 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PMR-08. Trường Tiểu học An Phú Tây. Công văn số 40/THAPT nhu cầu mua sắm dịch vụ cung cấp suất ăn bán trú, nước uống năm học 2026-2027. 17 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PMR-09. Trường Tiểu học Trần Văn Ơn. Công khai hình ảnh suất ăn và nguồn cung ứng thực phẩm tuần 02 (14/9/2026 - 18/9/2026). Type: gov/statistics.
  • PMR-10. Trường Tiểu học Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm (TP.HCM). Thực đơn bán trú tuần 2, 3, 4 năm học 2026-2027. Type: other.
  • PMR-11. Trường Tiểu học Trần Hưng Đạo (TP.HCM). Thực đơn tuần 02 và tuần 03 năm học 2026-2027. Type: other.
  • PMR-12. Trường Tiểu học Phú Lâm (TP.HCM). Thực đơn tuần 2 và tuần 3 (14 to 25 Sep 2026). Type: other.
  • PMR-13. Trường Tiểu học Chu Văn An (TP.HCM). Thực đơn tuần 2 và tuần 3 (14 to 25 Sep 2026). Type: other.
  • PMR-14. Trường Tiểu học Hòa Bình (TP.HCM). Thực đơn tuần 1 và tuần 2 năm học 2026-2027. Type: other.
  • PMR-15. Trường Tiểu học An Phú Tây (TP.HCM). Thực đơn bán trú tuần từ 21/09/2026 đến 25/09/2026. Type: other.
  • PMR-16. Trường Tiểu học Võ Thị Sáu (TP.HCM). Thực đơn tuần 14 to 18 Sep and 21 Sep to 2 Oct 2026. Type: other.
  • PMR-17. Trường Tiểu học Lương Thế Vinh (TP.HCM). Thực đơn bán trú tuần 02 và 03 (14 to 25 Sep 2026). Type: other.
  • PMR-18. Công ty TNHH MTV Suất ăn công nghiệp Tú Anh for Trường Tiểu học Lạc Hồng (TP.HCM). Thực đơn 14 to 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • PMR-19. Trường Tiểu học Lý Tự Trọng (TP.HCM). Thực đơn bán trú 14 to 25 Sep 2026. Type: other.
  • PMR-20. Trường Tiểu học Nguyễn Khuyến (TP.HCM). Thực đơn tuần 2 và tuần 3 năm học 2026-2027 (xlsx). Type: other.
  • PMR-21. Trường Tiểu học Trần Văn Ơn (TP.HCM). Thực đơn bán trú tuần 02 và 03 (14 to 25 Sep 2026). Type: other.
  • PMR-22. Trường Tiểu học Long Biên (Hà Nội). Thực đơn và định lượng suất ăn bán trú tuần 2 và tuần 3 năm học 2026-2027. Type: other.
  • PMR-23. Công ty TNHH Chế biến Xuất ăn Hoa Sữa for Trường Tiểu học Gia Thụy (Hà Nội). Thực đơn tuần 2 và tuần 3 tháng 9/2026. Type: company.
  • PMR-24. Công ty TNHH Chế biến Xuất ăn Hoa Sữa for Trường Tiểu học Ngọc Lâm (Hà Nội). Thực đơn tuần 02 và tuần 03 tháng 9/2026. Type: company.
  • PMR-25. Trường Tiểu học Quang Trung (Hà Nội). Thực đơn bán trú tuần 2 và tuần 3 tháng 5/2026. Type: other.
  • PMR-26. Trường Tiểu học Nguyễn Trãi (Hà Nội) with Công ty CP thực phẩm Ngôi Sao Xanh. Thực đơn bán trú and Thông tin dinh dưỡng của thực đơn, March to May 2026. Type: other.
  • PMR-27. Trường Tiểu học Mỹ Đình 2 (Hà Nội). Thực đơn bán trú tháng 4/2026 (caterer Quang Anh Chu). Type: other.
  • PMR-28. Trường Tiểu học Nguyễn Văn Trỗi (Hải Phòng). Thực đơn bán trú tuần 2 và tuần 3 (14 to 25 Sep 2026). Type: other.
  • PMR-29. Trường Tiểu học Nguyễn Du (Hải Phòng). Thực đơn tuần 04 tháng 9 năm 2026. Type: other.
  • PMR-30. Trường Tiểu học Lê Văn Tám (Hải Phòng). Thực đơn ăn bán trú tuần 1 và tuần 3 tháng 9 năm 2026. Type: other.
  • PMR-31. Trường Tiểu học Cát Bi (Hải Phòng). Thực đơn suất ăn học sinh tuần 2 và tuần 3 (14 to 25 Sep 2026). Type: other.
  • PMR-32. Trường Tiểu học Võ Thị Sáu (TP.HCM). Thông báo 79/TB-VTS bảng chi tiết thu các khoản thu tháng 4/2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PMR-33. Trường Tiểu học Lý Tự Trọng (TP.HCM). Thông báo thu các khoản thu tháng 3/2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PMR-34. Haseca. Menu mẫu suất ăn công nghiệp cho từng ngành: giải pháp thực tế từ Haseca. 28 Mar 2026. Type: company.

FTR: Fiscal and tariff rules (wave 7), v0.4 (38)

  • FTR-01. National Assembly. Luật Thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt số 66/2025/QH15, 14 Jun 2025, in force 1 Jan 2026. Text on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-02. Government. Nghị định 360/2025/NĐ-CP hướng dẫn Luật Thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt, 31 Dec 2025, in force 1 Jan 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-03. Ministry of Finance. Thông tư 158/2025/TT-BTC hướng dẫn Nghị định 360/2025/NĐ-CP, 31 Dec 2025. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-04. Ministry of Finance. Thông tư 136/2026/TT-BTC sửa đổi khoản 2 Điều 3 Thông tư 158/2025/TT-BTC, 14 Sep 2026, in force 15 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-05. Tiêu chuẩn quốc gia TCVN 12828:2019 Nước giải khát (Water-based beverages). Summary page on Thư Viện Pháp Luật; scope and definition 3.1 also quoted verbatim in the tax office answer read under APR-22. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-06. Tiêu chuẩn quốc gia TCVN 12443:2018 Sữa đậu nành (Soybean milk). Summary page on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-07. Tiêu chuẩn quốc gia TCVN 11216:2015 Sữa và sản phẩm sữa: Thuật ngữ và định nghĩa. Summary page on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-08. Ministry of Health. Thông tư 35/2010/TT-BYT ban hành QCVN 6-2:2010/BYT Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia đối với các sản phẩm đồ uống không cồn, 2 Jun 2010. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-09. Ministry of Finance. Công văn 17380/BTC-CST về giảm thuế GTGT đối với mặt hàng nước giải khát có đường, 7 Nov 2025, replying to the Vietnam Beer Alcohol Beverage Association and a US business council (named as the US-ASEAN Business Council and as AmCham ASEAN in two readings of the page). Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-10. Thuế tỉnh Đồng Nai. Công văn 1751/DON-QLDN1 về chính sách thuế GTGT, 29 Jan 2026, to International Food JSC. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-11. Thuế thành phố Cần Thơ. Công văn 2846/CTH-QLDN1 về chính sách thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt, 20 Apr 2026, to Suntory PepsiCo Vietnam (Can Tho branch). Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-12. General Department of Customs. Công văn 46146/CHQ-NVTHQ thực hiện Luật 66/2025/QH15, 31 Dec 2025, to regional customs offices. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-13. Thư Viện Pháp Luật official-letter (Công văn) searches for "sữa đậu nành" and "nước giải khát hàm lượng đường", run 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • FTR-14. Vietnam Beer Alcohol Beverage Association. Các hiệp hội góp ý Thuế TTĐB cần phù hợp để đảm bảo mục tiêu tăng trưởng kinh tế, 9 Mar 2025. Type: advocacy.
  • FTR-15. Vietnam Beer Alcohol Beverage Association. Báo cáo đánh giá tác động kinh tế của dự thảo thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt đối với nước giải khát có đường, 25 Mar 2025. Type: advocacy.
  • FTR-16. QNS. Vinasoy product self-declarations listing pages: VNS sản phẩm công bố năm 2025, năm 2026, and Veyo sản phẩm sữa hạt. Type: company.
  • FTR-17. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm số 08NS/QNS/2025: Sữa đậu nành Fami Nguyên Chất Ít Đường, 10 Feb 2025 (with label artwork and test reports). Type: company.
  • FTR-18. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm 10NS: Sữa đậu nành Fami Nguyên Chất, 2025. Type: company.
  • FTR-19. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm 12NS: Sữa đậu nành Fami Canxi, 20 Feb 2025. Type: company.
  • FTR-20. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm số 13NS/QNS/2025: Sữa đậu nành Fami Canxi Ít Đường, 20 Feb 2025. Type: company.
  • FTR-21. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm 18NS: Fami Nguyên Chất vị Đường đen, 2025. Type: company.
  • FTR-22. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm 18NS: Fami Nguyên Chất vị Đường đen, 30 Jun 2026 re-declaration. Type: company.
  • FTR-23. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm 29: Sữa đậu nành Fami Green Soy rất ít đường, 20 Jan 2025. Type: company.
  • FTR-24. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm 28: Sữa đậu nành Fami Green Soy không bổ sung đường, 20 Jan 2025. Type: company.
  • FTR-25. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm 06NS: Sữa đậu nành Fami Go vị đậu đỏ nếp cẩm, 10 Feb 2025. Type: company.
  • FTR-26. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm 31: Thực phẩm bổ sung Veyo Sữa hạt yến mạch, 20 Jan 2025. Type: company.
  • FTR-27. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm 32: Thực phẩm bổ sung Veyo Sữa hạt 5 loại cao cấp, 20 Jan 2025. Type: company.
  • FTR-28. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm 37NS: Veyo Sữa hạt Smarty yến mạch óc chó vị sữa, 16 Jun 2025. Type: company.
  • FTR-29. QNS. Bản tự công bố sản phẩm 33: Veyo sữa hạt lên men tự nhiên vị nguyên bản ít đường, 10 Jun 2026 re-declaration. Type: company.
  • FTR-30. Oatly. Oat Drink Barista Edition 1L, UK product page. Type: company.
  • FTR-31. Prime Minister. Quyết định 309/QĐ-TTg phê duyệt Chiến lược phát triển ngành sữa giai đoạn đến năm 2030, tầm nhìn đến năm 2045, 23 Feb 2026. Full text on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-32. Ministry of Industry and Trade. Vietnam National Trade Repository (VNTR), tariff information and FTA schedules by HS code (search pages and api/v1/commodity/tariff), queried 25 Sep 2026 for 07133190, 11090000, 12081000, 21022010, 21022090, 21021000, 21061000, 21069019, 21069099, 22029920, 22029950, 22029990, 23040010, 23040090, 35040000. Type: database.
  • FTR-33. Government. Nghị định 118/2022/NĐ-CP về Biểu thuế nhập khẩu ưu đãi đặc biệt của Việt Nam để thực hiện Hiệp định Thương mại hàng hóa ASEAN, Trung Quốc giai đoạn 2022 đến 2027, 30 Dec 2022. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-34. Government. Nghị định 144/2024/NĐ-CP sửa đổi Nghị định 26/2023/NĐ-CP, 1 Nov 2024. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-35. Government. Nghị định 108/2025/NĐ-CP sửa đổi Nghị định 26/2023/NĐ-CP, 19 May 2025. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-36. Government. Nghị định 72/2026/NĐ-CP sửa đổi mức thuế suất thuế nhập khẩu ưu đãi đối với xăng dầu và nguyên liệu, 9 Mar 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-37. Government. Nghị định 174/2025/NĐ-CP quy định chính sách giảm thuế giá trị gia tăng theo Nghị quyết 204/2025/QH15, 30 Jun 2025. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FTR-38. UN Comtrade public API: Viet Nam-reported imports from China (CIF) and China-reported exports to Viet Nam (FOB), HS 110900, 210610, 350400, 2023. Queried 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.

FUF: Funder units and fit (wave 7), v0.4 (10)

  • FUF-01. Animal Charity Evaluators. Movement Grants: Call for Applications and Introducing Our New Grants Manager. Blog post, 24 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • FUF-02. Animal Charity Evaluators. Movement Grants: Apply for funding (application guidelines). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • FUF-03. FAO. FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (QCL), bulk file Production_Crops_Livestock_E_Asia (file dated 23 December 2025). Viet Nam rows for meat of pig, chickens, ducks, cattle, buffalo and goat, 2022 to 2024. Type: database.
  • FUF-04. MacLeod, M., Gerber, P., Mottet, A., Tempio, G., Falcucci, A., Opio, C., Vellinga, T., Henderson, B. and Steinfeld, H. (2013). Greenhouse gas emissions from pig and chicken supply chains: a global life cycle assessment. FAO, Rome. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FUF-05. Opio, C., Gerber, P., Mottet, A., Falcucci, A., Tempio, G., MacLeod, M., Vellinga, T., Henderson, B. and Steinfeld, H. (2013). Greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant supply chains: a global life cycle assessment. FAO, Rome. Type: gov/statistics.
  • FUF-06. Heller, M.C., Walchale, A., Heard, B.R., Hoey, L., Khoury, C.K., de Haan, S., Burra, D.D., Duong, T.T., Osiemo, J., Trinh, H.T. and Jones, A.D. (2020). Environmental analyses to inform transitions to sustainable diets in developing countries: case studies for Vietnam and Kenya. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25(7): 1183 to 1196 (online 29 June 2019). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FUF-07. Our World in Data. Greenhouse gas emissions per 100 grams of protein (dataset from Poore, J. and Nemecek, T. (2018). Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science 360(6392): 987 to 992; erratum 2019). Data downloaded 25 September 2026. Type: database.
  • FUF-08. Bongiovanni, R., Tuninetti, L., Cavagnaro, M.R. and others (2026). Life Cycle Assessment and Carbon Footprint of Feed-Grade Soy Protein Concentrate for Environmentally Improved Animal Nutrition. Preprints.org, April 2026. Type: other.
  • FUF-09. Le Dang Quynh Nhu, Le Thi Tuyet, Le Minh Quang and others (2025). Assessing the Carbon Footprint and Environmental Impacts of Pork Production: A Case Study in Binh Phuoc, Vietnam Using Life Cycle Assessment. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1540: 012011. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • FUF-10. FAO. FAOSTAT Emissions intensities (EI), bulk file Environment_Emissions_intensities_E_Asia. Viet Nam rows, 2021 to 2023. Type: database.

CPC: Commitments and competitors (wave 7), v0.4 (25)

  • CPC-01. Marriott International. Sustainability and Social Impact Goals 2026 to 2030 (PDF uploaded December 2025). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-02. Marriott International. Animal Welfare Position Statement (PDF uploaded May 2019). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-03. IHG Hotels and Resorts. Policies and position statements page, section 'Cage Free Eggs'. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-04. IHG Hotels and Resorts. Responsible Business Report 2024 (interactive PDF). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-05. Hilton. Responsible Sourcing Goals (Travel with Purpose web page). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-06. Hyatt. World of Care page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-07. Minor International PCL. Sustainability Report 2025. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-08. Sodexo. Integrated Report Fiscal 2025. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-09. Unilever. Unilever to sell The Vegetarian Butcher to Vivera. Press release, 20 March 2025. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-10. Lever Foundation. Home page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • CPC-11. Pizza 4P's. Sustainability page and Sustainability Report 2025 landing page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-12. Kamereo. Product pages read through their embedded page data (price, stock, origin, category, units-sold counter, description) for plant and comparator products: Suon mieng chay Panko 1 kg and carton of 10; Cha gio Vissan chay 500 g; tofu SKUs (Ichiban, Fuji San, Beany, Vi Nguyen, loose white tofu); fresh tofu skin; CP and JAPFA frozen minced pork; CP frozen pork shoulder; CP eggs 61 g; CP chicken breast fillet. Also the embedded data of the eight Meat Zero pages listed under AIS-25. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-13. Kamereo. Sitemap (product URLs). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-14. MM Mega Market Vietnam. Online shop sitemap. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-15. Co.op Online (Saigon Co.op). Product pages (structured product data) for Co.op Select chay and tofu private-label SKUs: ha cao chay 415 g, sui cao chay 530 g, cha gio chay 400 g, mi sui cao chay 200 g, banh cuon chay 290 g, mi chay 300 g, and seven tofu SKUs. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-16. Co.op Online. Sitemap of the 'Nhan hang Co.op' (Co.op brands) collection. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-17. Saigon Co.op. Lien he chao hang (supplier product pitch) page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-18. Saigon Co.op. Supplier portal home page (nhacungcap.saigonco-op.vn). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-19. WinMart (WinCommerce). Online category page 'Thuc pham chay' and item search results for 'chay', 'dau phu', 'dau hu', 'WinMart' and 'thuan chay' at store WM VMM HNI Times City (store code 1535, the site default), returned by the public search service the website uses. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-20. AEON eShop Vietnam. Search results for 'chay', 'topvalu' and 'topvalu chay'. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-21. Asia Ingredients Group (AIG). Yeast protein: A next-generation protein solution for sustainable food innovation. 18 June 2025. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-22. Asia Ingredients Group (AIG). Product sitemaps and 'Proteins' product category page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-23. Brenntag Vietnam. Food and Nutrition industry page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-24. Growthwell Foods. Home page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • CPC-25. Vietnam Animal Welfare Watch. Cage-Free Eggs page and site posts feed. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: advocacy.

TIC: Textured protein economics (wave 7), v0.4 (23)

  • TIC-01. Made-in-China.com. Textured Soy Protein Machine: product search results (12 listings). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • TIC-02. Jinan Sunward Machinery Co., Ltd. Turnkey twin-screw textured soy protein TSP and TVP project processing line (product listing). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • TIC-03. Jinan Saibainuo Extrusion Machinery Co., Ltd. TVP TSP fiber artificial vegetable meat production plant (product listing). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • TIC-04. Shandong Light M and E Co., Ltd. Extrusion textured soy protein equipment (product listing). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • TIC-05. Jinan Dayi Extrusion Machinery Co., Ltd. Textured soy protein extruder nuggets chunks mince making machine (product listing). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • TIC-06. Jinan Sunpring Machinery and Equipment Co., Ltd. Automatic soya chunks TVP textured soy vegetable protein nuggets extruder line (product listing). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • TIC-07. Shandong Joyang Machinery Co., Ltd. TVP TSP textured vegetable soy protein soya chunks nuggets minces making machine (product listing). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • TIC-08. Jinan Chenyang Technology Co., Ltd. High configuration textured soybean protein machine (product listing). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • TIC-09. Shandong Arrow Machinery Co., Ltd. High-efficiency soya meat analogue extruder machine (product listing). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • TIC-10. Shandong Joyang Machinery Co., Ltd. Complete plant-based meat production line TVP TSP making machine (product listing). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • TIC-11. Jinan Saibainuo Machinery Co., Ltd. Company showroom and profile on Made-in-China.com. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • TIC-12. UN Comtrade Database, public API preview. China-reported exports to Vietnam (reporter 156, partner 704, flow X, motCode 0, customsCode C00), HS 120810, 230400, 210610, 110900, 350400, annual 2023, 2024, 2025. Queried by AltProtein Vietnam 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • TIC-13. UN Comtrade Database, public API preview. Exports to World of HS 120810 (soya bean flour and meal) reported by Argentina, Brazil, China, Netherlands, India and the United States, 2024 and 2025. Queried 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • TIC-14. UN Comtrade Database, public API preview. China-reported exports of HS 210610 and 110900 to World, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Korea, Japan and the United States, 2025. Queried 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • TIC-15. UN Comtrade Database, public API preview. Partner-reported exports to Vietnam (partner 704, all reporters) of HS 120810 and 230400, 2024 and 2025. Queried 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • TIC-16. UN Comtrade Database, public API preview. Vietnam-reported imports by partner (reporter 704, flow M) of HS 120810, 230400, 210610 and 110900, 2023; no Vietnam report for 2024 or 2025. Queried 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • TIC-17. Shanghai Shipping Exchange. SCFI current index data (JSON endpoint of the SCFI page), 24 Sep 2026. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: other.
  • TIC-18. General Department of Customs. Thong bao 4816/TB-TCHQ ket qua xac dinh truoc ma so doi voi SUPRO MAX 5013IP, 4 Oct 2024 (via Thu Vien Phap Luat). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • TIC-19. Thu Vien Phap Luat. Internal search results for protein dau nanh, dam thuc vat and textured, 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • TIC-20. Onwulata, C. I., and McAloon, A. J. (2011). Cost estimates of twin-screw extruded products: texturized whey protein snacks and corn-soy blend used for emergency feeding. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 35(5): 665-676. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • TIC-21. Thuy, D. T., Khiem, C. T., Ngoc, H. B., Phuong, P. L. D., Thiep, V. V., and Nguyet, N. T. M. (2026). Enhancing structural and sensory properties of HMMA using Thai jackfruit fiber: a sustainable by-product application. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization 20(5): 8785-8797. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • TIC-22. Made-in-China.com. Defatted Soy Flour: product search results. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • TIC-23. Made-in-China.com. Plant Based Meat Machine: product search results. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.

BRD: Base rates (wave 7), v0.4 (19)

  • BRD-01. Global Diet Quality Project. Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ) Viet Nam, English and Vietnamese versions v2, adapted 2021. PDF files in the country resource folder linked from dietquality.org/countries/vnm. Type: other.
  • BRD-02. Global Diet Quality Project. Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ) Food Group Classification Guide. Undated PDF. Type: other.
  • BRD-03. Gallup and Global Diet Quality Project. Country Data Set Details DQQ, data collected 2021 to 2024. PDF, 8 pages. Type: other.
  • BRD-04. Global Diet Quality Project. Viet Nam indicator data file (dqq-vnm-data.csv) and Viet Nam country page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • BRD-05. UN Comtrade Database, public API (comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/M/HS), monthly exports reported by China (reporter 156) to Viet Nam (704), World (0) and Thailand (764), HS 350400, 210610, 110900 and 230990, January 2019 to December 2024. Queried 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • BRD-06. UN Comtrade Database, public API, monthly imports reported by Viet Nam (reporter 704) from World (0) and China (156), HS 350400, 210610, 110900 and 230990, January 2019 to December 2023. Queried 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • BRD-07. lunardate 0.3.0, Python package for Chinese lunisolar calendar conversion (PyPI). Used for the Gregorian dates of lunar 1/1 (Tet) and lunar 7/15 (Vu Lan), 2019 to 2026. Type: other.
  • BRD-08. Green Queen. Search listing for Karana (6 items, Oct 2019 to Apr 2023) and article: Karana announces global expansion for sustainable jackfruit meat, 18 Apr 2023 (updated 4 Jun 2025). Type: press.
  • BRD-09. Green Queen. Search listing for Float Foods (7 items, Nov 2020 to Jan 2023). Type: press.
  • BRD-10. Green Queen. Malaysia's Phuture embarks on ambitious expansion by leveraging chicken supply disruption. 20 Jun 2022; plus search listing (3 items, 2019 to 2022). Type: press.
  • BRD-11. Green Queen. Search listing for Growthwell (items 2020 to 2023). Type: press.
  • BRD-12. Green Queen. Search listing for Sophie's Bionutrients (5 items, Apr 2021 to Sep 2022). Type: press.
  • BRD-13. Green Queen. Search listing for Next Meats (5 items, Apr 2021 to Jun 2022). Type: press.
  • BRD-14. Green Queen. Search listing for TiNDLE launches: Singapore's Next Gen launches Tindle plant-based chicken at restaurants islandwide (18 Mar 2021); Hong Kong (23 Jun 2021); UK (20 Apr 2022). Type: press.
  • BRD-15. vegconomist. Search listing for OmniFoods (2023 to 2024); and Green Queen, OMNI unveils lion's mane mushroom steak and dessert baos at Expo West, 12 Mar 2024. Type: press.
  • BRD-16. Green Queen. Search listing for Meatiply (2 items: Oct 2022; 6 Dec 2023 USD 3.75 million seed). Type: press.
  • BRD-17. Green Queen. Search listing for Eat Just and GOOD Meat (May 2021 USD 170 million raise; Dec 2021; Mar 2023 FDA clearance). Type: press.
  • BRD-18. VnExpress. Site search for VMEAT, 25 Sep 2026. Type: press.
  • BRD-19. Company website checks, 25 Sep 2026: floatfoods.com (live, footer dated 2021), meatiply.com (live, undated), goodmeat.co (live), innohas.com, tindle.com, growthwellfoods.com, greenrebelfoods.com, umamibioworks.com, eatvow.com, ongtempeh.com, kashewcheese.com (live); omnifoods.co, greenmonday.org, karanafoods.com, vmeat.vn, isitmeat.com, phuturefoods.com and emmay.vn did not respond through our proxy. Type: other.

LBL: Labels and standards (wave 8), v0.4 (27)

  • LBL-01. Ministry of Health. Thông tư 29/2023/TT-BYT hướng dẫn nội dung, cách ghi thành phần dinh dưỡng, giá trị dinh dưỡng trên nhãn thực phẩm, 30 Dec 2023. Text on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-02. Ministry of Health. Thông tư 30/2026/TT-BYT hướng dẫn nội dung, cách ghi thành phần dinh dưỡng, giá trị dinh dưỡng trên nhãn thực phẩm, 9 Jul 2026, in force 10 Jul 2026. Text on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-03. Ministry of Science and Technology. Tiêu chuẩn quốc gia TCVN 14429:2025 Hướng dẫn sử dụng công bố dinh dưỡng và công bố khuyến cáo về sức khỏe. Page on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-04. Ministry of Science and Technology. Tiêu chuẩn quốc gia TCVN 7088:2025 Hướng dẫn ghi nhãn dinh dưỡng. Page on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-05. Ministry of Health. Thông tư 43/2014/TT-BYT quy định về quản lý thực phẩm chức năng, in force 24 Nov 2014. Text on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-06. Government. Nghị định 43/2017/NĐ-CP về nhãn hàng hóa, 14 Apr 2017, in force 1 Jun 2017. Text on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-07. Government. Nghị định 37/2026/NĐ-CP hướng dẫn Luật Chất lượng sản phẩm, hàng hóa, 23 Jan 2026, in force on issue. Text on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-08. Customs of Viet Nam. Công văn 11816/CHQ-GSQL hướng dẫn các quy định mới liên quan đến ghi nhãn hàng hóa theo Nghị định 37/2026/NĐ-CP, 12 Feb 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-09. Thư Viện Pháp Luật exact-phrase searches, run 25 Sep 2026, for "bắt buộc phải ghi định lượng", "được sử dụng làm tên hay một phần của tên hàng hóa", "không được làm hiểu sai lệch về bản chất" and "biến đổi gen bên cạnh tên". Type: database.
  • LBL-10. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Ministry of Science and Technology. Thông tư liên tịch 45/2015/TTLT-BNNPTNT-BKHCN hướng dẫn ghi nhãn đối với thực phẩm biến đổi gen bao gói sẵn, 23 Nov 2015, in force 8 Jan 2016. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-11. Ministry of Science and Technology. Tiêu chuẩn quốc gia TCVN 7049:2020 Thịt chế biến đã qua xử lý nhiệt. Page on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-12. Ministry of Science and Technology. Tiêu chuẩn quốc gia TCVN 7048:2020 Thịt hộp. Page on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-13. Ministry of Science and Technology. Tiêu chuẩn quốc gia TCVN 7050:2020 Thịt chế biến không qua xử lý nhiệt. Page on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-14. Ministry of Science and Technology. Tiêu chuẩn quốc gia TCVN 14416:2025 (ISO 23722:2021) Thịt và sản phẩm thịt: Từ vựng. Page on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-15. Ministry of Science and Technology. Tiêu chuẩn quốc gia TCVN 13625:2023 (ISO 23662:2021) Định nghĩa và tiêu chí kỹ thuật đối với thực phẩm, thành phần thực phẩm phù hợp cho người ăn chay hoặc người ăn thuần chay và để ghi nhãn, công bố. Page on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-16. Ministry of Industry and Trade. QCVN 28:2026/BCT Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia đối với các sản phẩm sữa dạng lỏng. Page on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-17. Ministry of Industry and Trade. Thông tư 09/2026/TT-BCT ban hành Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia đối với các sản phẩm sữa dạng lỏng, 26 Feb 2026, in force 1 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-18. National Assembly. Luật sửa đổi, bổ sung một số điều của Luật Quảng cáo số 75/2025/QH15, 16 Jun 2025, in force 1 Jan 2026. Text on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-19. Government. Nghị định 342/2025/NĐ-CP hướng dẫn Luật Quảng cáo, 26 Dec 2025, in force 15 Feb 2026. Text on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-20. Bac Ninh Provincial People's Committee. Quyết định 585/QĐ-UBND phê duyệt Đề án Ứng dụng công nghệ sinh học xây dựng và phát triển ngành công nghiệp sinh học tỉnh Bắc Ninh đến năm 2030, tầm nhìn đến năm 2045, 30 Dec 2025. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-21. Thư Viện Pháp Luật searches run 25 Sep 2026: legal texts for "thịt nuôi cấy", "thịt thực vật", "protein thay thế", "thực phẩm chay"; standards (type 39) for "thịt nuôi cấy", "sữa hạt", "sử dụng thuật ngữ về sữa", "thịt chế biến", "thịt hộp"; legal texts for QCVN on processed meat and for 2025 to 2026 label decrees. Type: database.
  • LBL-22. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Thông báo 2512/TB-BNN-VP kết luận của Thứ trưởng Phùng Đức Tiến về quản lý chất lượng vật tư nông nghiệp, 5 May 2021. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-23. Báo Chính phủ. Đồng loạt kiểm tra thực phẩm chay, 7 Sep 2020. Type: gov/statistics.
  • LBL-24. Báo Chính phủ site search for "thực phẩm chay" and "đồ chay", run 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • LBL-25. VitaDairy. ColosBaby Lactoferrin, product page with nutrition tables. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • LBL-26. OpenAlex OQL query, run 25 Sep 2026: works where title/abstract has ((vegetarian or chay or vegan) and (DNA or PCR or adulteration or mislabel*) and (Vietnam or Viet Nam or Vietnamese)). Type: database.
  • LBL-27. Government. Nghị định 115/2018/NĐ-CP quy định xử phạt vi phạm hành chính về an toàn thực phẩm, 4 Sep 2018, amended by Nghị định 124/2021/NĐ-CP. Text on Thư Viện Pháp Luật. Type: gov/statistics.

FBA: Feed buyers (wave 8), v0.4 (24)

  • FBA-01. Aquaculture Stewardship Council. ASC Feed Standard, version 1.2 (ASC-STD-002). Released 19 December 2025, effective 2 February 2026. Type: other.
  • FBA-02. Aquaculture Stewardship Council. ASC Farm Standard programme page (v1.0.1A2). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • FBA-03. Aquaculture Stewardship Council. ASC Farm Standard v1.0.1A2, standard text web page, criterion 1.4. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • FBA-04. Aquaculture Stewardship Council. Find a Feed Mill register, all records, queried through the site search (collection v_Find_FeedMill) on 25 September 2026. Type: database.
  • FBA-05. Global Seafood Alliance. BAP Feed Mill Standard, Issue 3.3, with Amendment 1 effective 5 August 2026. Type: other.
  • FBA-06. GLOBALG.A.P. Compound Feed Manufacturing (CFM) solution page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • FBA-07. Nutreco. Impact Report 2025. Type: company.
  • FBA-08. Skretting. How does Skretting define novel ingredients? Web page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • FBA-09. BioMar Group. Global Sustainability Report 2024. Type: company.
  • FBA-10. BioMar. Sustainability web page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • FBA-11. Charoen Pokphand Foods. Sustainability Report 2025. Type: company.
  • FBA-12. De Heus Animal Nutrition. Nourishing Future Generations: Sustainability report 2025. Type: company.
  • FBA-13. Grobest. Sustainability Report 2024 (released 30 March 2026). Type: company.
  • FBA-14. Tongwei Co. 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report and Sustainability Report (Chinese). May 2026. Type: company.
  • FBA-15. Vinh Hoan Corporation. Reviewed interim consolidated financial statements for the six months ended 30 June 2026 (English). Type: company.
  • FBA-16. Cargill Vietnam. Company website. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • FBA-17. UN Comtrade public API. Partner-reported exports to Viet Nam of HS 210220 (inactive yeasts; other dead single-cell micro-organisms), annual 2019 to 2025, all modes, by reporter. Queried 25 September 2026. Type: database.
  • FBA-18. UN Comtrade public API. Viet Nam-reported imports of HS 2102 (210210, 210220, 210230), annual 2019 to 2023, and 210220 by partner 2023. Queried 25 September 2026. Type: database.
  • FBA-19. UN Comtrade public API. Partner-reported imports from Viet Nam of HS 210220, 2024 and 2025. Queried 25 September 2026. Type: database.
  • FBA-20. UN Comtrade public API. Partner-reported exports to Viet Nam of HS 230120 (fishmeal), annual 2024 and 2025 and monthly January to August 2026. Queried 25 September 2026. Type: database.
  • FBA-21. Phileo by Lesaffre. Aquaculture web page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • FBA-22. OpenAlex. Query: works 2019 to 2026 with a Viet Nam-affiliated author whose title or abstract combines shrimp, whiteleg shrimp, pangasius or striped catfish with single-cell protein, yeast, yeast culture, bacterial meal, microbial protein or beta-glucan. Run 25 September 2026. Type: database.
  • FBA-23. Minh Phu Seafood Corporation. Company home page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • FBA-24. BioMar Group. Interim Report for Q2 2026 (first half 2026). Type: company.

XBA: Export buyers (wave 8), v0.4 (35)

  • XBA-01. Ahold Delhaize. Annual Report 2025: Sustainability statements (PDF). 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-02. Lidl Nederland. Eiwittransitie (protein transition) web page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-03. Lidl Nederland. Gezondheid bevorderen web page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-04. Lidl Nederland. Inkoopbeleid bewuste voeding (purchasing policy on conscious nutrition), PDF. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-05. Lidl GB. Healthy and sustainable diets web page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-06. Lidl GB. Human rights: transparency page and 'Tier one food, fruit and vegetables suppliers' list as of 1 April 2026 (PDF, consenting suppliers only). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-07. Lidl. Supplier list: Food, delivery dates 1 January to 31 December 2025 (PDF, linked from the Lidl GB list as 'Lidl International's supplier list'). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-08. J Sainsbury plc. Plan for Better databook 2025/26 (xlsx), sheet 'Healthy and Sustainable Diets'. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-09. J Sainsbury plc. Plan for Better Report 2025/26 (PDF). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-10. J Sainsbury plc. Modern Slavery Statement 2025/26 (PDF). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-11. Carrefour. 2025 Universal Registration Document (PDF, 27 March 2026). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-12. Questionmark. Superlist Environment Europe 2026, edition 1, January 2026 (report PDF). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • XBA-13. Questionmark. Superlist Environment Europe 2026: background data (xlsx), sheet 'Protein Transition'. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • XBA-14. Questionmark. Superlist Environment the Netherlands 2025 (report PDF, December 2025). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: advocacy.
  • XBA-15. ALDI SUD Group. Healthy nutrition focus area web page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026 through a summarising fetch tool. Type: company.
  • XBA-16. Marks and Spencer. Interactive Supplier Map web page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-17. Otsuka Foods. 生産終了製品 (discontinued products) page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-18. Fuji Oil Holdings. Integrated Report 2025 (PDF). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-19. Fuji Oil Holdings. Major group companies web page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-20. CJ CheilJedang. CJ제일제당 베트남 키즈나 공장 준공… K-푸드 글로벌 영토확장 전초기지 세웠다 (Vietnam Kizuna plant completed). CJ Newsroom press release, 28 Feb 2022. Type: company.
  • XBA-21. CJ CheilJedang. CJ제일제당 '플랜테이블', 국내외 소비자 사로잡았다… 수출 30개국 확대 (PlanTable exports to 30 countries). CJ Newsroom, 28 Nov 2022. Type: company.
  • XBA-22. CJ CheilJedang. 미국을 넘어, 이제 유럽이다!… CJ제일제당, 식품사업 유럽 영토확장 본격화 (Europe strategy). CJ Newsroom, 5 Jul 2022. Type: company.
  • XBA-23. CJ CheilJedang. CJ제일제당, 유럽(헝가리)∙미국 식품 신규 생산기지 구축 (new plants in Hungary and the US). CJ Newsroom, 21 Nov 2024. Type: company.
  • XBA-24. CJ CheilJedang. CJ제일제당, 플랜테이블 제품군 확대…식물성 식품 시장 견인 본격 나섰다 (PlanTable range expanded). CJ Newsroom, 29 Nov 2023. Type: company.
  • XBA-25. Coles Supermarkets. Product search results and product pages with country-of-origin statements: Mr Chen's Prawn Hargow 12 pieces 300 g; Bibigo Mandu Vegetable Dumplings 280 g; Bibigo Kimchi Dumplings 280 g; Vegie Delights Plant Based Hot Dogs and Vegie Roast. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-26. Open Food Facts. Product records (API v2): 00398572 (Plant Pioneers battered fishless fillets, Sainsbury's); 10500016965473600129 (Menyū katsu curry vegetable steamed buns, Waitrose); 0877971001752 (Royal Asia vegetable spring rolls with edamame, Costco); 8936093330798 (An Nhien vegan roasted pork); and An Nhien, Au Lac and Mr Chen's records with Vietnamese GS1 prefixes. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • XBA-27. Open Food Facts search service (search-a-licious), queries code:893* (4,514 records; 3,878 with 13-digit codes) and origins_tags:"en:vietnam" (640 records; 49 with vegan or vegetarian labels). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • XBA-28. United Nations Statistics Division. UN Comtrade public preview API: partner-reported imports, 2024 and 2025, reporters Japan (392), Korea (410), UK (826), Germany (276), Netherlands (528), France (251), US (842), Australia (36), EU27 extra (97); partners Vietnam (704), Thailand (764), China (156); HS 190220, 210610, 210690, 350400; customs code C00, mode 0. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • XBA-29. United Nations Statistics Division. UN Comtrade public preview API: Vietnam (704) exports of HS 190220 by partner, 2023. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • XBA-30. UK Department for Business and Trade and HMRC. UK Trade Tariff API v2, rules_of_origin_schemes for commodities 190220, 210690, 210610 and 110100, country VN (UK-Vietnam FTA and UK-CPTPP). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • XBA-31. Marukome. Daizu Labo (大豆のお肉) brand and product pages. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-32. Daesang Corporation. Corporate website (affiliates list). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-33. CJ CheilJedang. Business: Food (English page). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-34. Tesco PLC. Sitemap (reporting hub entries: textile factories supplying Tesco; palm oil and soy transparency mapping 2021; ESG methodologies 2024 to 2026). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • XBA-35. BRCGS. BRCGS Directory (public directory of certified sites), web application. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.

NQR: Nutrition quality (wave 8), v0.4 (32)

  • NQR-01. Vien Dinh duong (National Institute of Nutrition). Tra cuu nhu cau dinh duong (online lookup of recommended nutrient intakes), queried through the page's own endpoint /api/fe/nutrition-needs/getNutritionNeedsTable for ages 6 to 7, 8 to 9 and 10 to 11 on 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • NQR-02. Government of Viet Nam. Nghi dinh 09/2016/ND-CP quy dinh ve tang cuong vi chat dinh duong vao thuc pham. 28 Jan 2016, in force 15 Mar 2016. Via Thu Vien Phap Luat. Type: gov/statistics.
  • NQR-03. Van phong Chinh phu. Thong bao 503/TB-VPCP ket luan cua Pho Thu tuong Le Thanh Long tai cuoc hop ve Du thao Nghi dinh sua doi Nghi dinh 09/2016/ND-CP. 22 Sep 2025. Type: gov/statistics.
  • NQR-04. Government of Viet Nam. Nghi dinh 15/2018/ND-CP quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh mot so dieu cua Luat An toan thuc pham. 2 Feb 2018. Via Thu Vien Phap Luat. Type: gov/statistics.
  • NQR-05. van den Berg LA, Mes JJ, Mensink M, et al. Protein quality of soy and the effect of processing: a quantitative review. Frontiers in Nutrition 2022; 9:1004754. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-06. Oh J, Park N, Kim BG. Determination of digestible indispensable amino acid scores for plant proteins and skim milk powder measured in pigs. Animals 2025; 15(5):650. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-07. Fanelli NS, Martins JCFR, Stein HH. Pork cuts, hams, and sausages have digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) close to or over 100. JSFA Reports 2024; 4(9):326-335. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-08. Fanelli NS, Martins JCFR, Stein HH. The digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) in eggs and egg-containing breakfast meals is greater than in toast breads or hash browns served without eggs. Journal of Nutritional Science 2024; 13. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-09. Herrmann M, Mehner E, Egger L, et al. A comparative nutritional life cycle assessment of processed and unprocessed soy-based meat and milk alternatives including protein quality adjustment. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 2024; 8:1413802. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-10. Khamzaeva N, Hieronimus B, Kunz C, et al. Plant-based vs. pork sausages: protein nutritional quality and antioxidant potential in the bioaccessible fraction. Foods 2025; 14(24):4271. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-11. Bailey HM, Stein HH. Can the digestible indispensable amino acid score methodology decrease protein malnutrition? Animal Frontiers 2019; 9(4):18. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-12. Fanelli NS, Bailey HM, Thompson TW, Delmore R, Nair MN, Stein HH. Digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) is greater in animal-based burgers than in plant-based burgers if determined in pigs. European Journal of Nutrition 2022; 61(1):461-475. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-13. Hernandez MS, Coyle K, Siebecker MG, et al. Nutritional profiling of plant-based meat alternatives and ground beef. Journal of Food Science 2024; 89(12):9230-9242. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-14. Derbyshire EJ. Food-based dietary guidelines and protein quality definitions: time to move forward and encompass mycoprotein? Foods 2022; 11(5):647. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-15. Mathai JK, Liu Y, Stein HH. Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS). British Journal of Nutrition 2017. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-16. Hurrell RF. Influence of vegetable protein sources on trace element and mineral bioavailability. Journal of Nutrition 2003; 133(9):2973S-2977S. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-17. Erdman JW. Oilseed phytates: nutritional implications. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 1979. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-18. Raboy V, Dickinson DB. Effect of phosphorus and zinc nutrition on soybean seed phytic acid and zinc. Plant Physiology 1984; 75(4):1094. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-19. Ishiguro T, Ono T, Nakasato K. The localization of phytate in tofu curd formation and effects of phytate on tofu texture. Journal of Food Science 2008. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-20. Gibson RS, Raboy V, King JC. Implications of phytate in plant-based foods for iron and zinc bioavailability, setting dietary requirements, and formulating programs and policies. Nutrition Reviews 2018; 76(11):793-804. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-21. Rosado JL. Zinc and copper: proposed fortification levels and recommended zinc compounds. Journal of Nutrition 2003; 133(9):2985S-2989S. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-22. Nga TT, Winichagoon P, Dijkhuizen MA, Khan NC, Wasantwisut E, Furr H, Wieringa FT. Multi-micronutrient-fortified biscuits decreased prevalence of anemia and improved micronutrient status and effectiveness of deworming in rural Vietnamese school children. Journal of Nutrition 2009; 139(5):1013-1021. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-23. Pinkaew S, Winichagoon P, Hurrell RF, Wegmuller R. Extruded rice grains fortified with zinc, iron, and vitamin A increase zinc status of Thai school children when incorporated into a school lunch program. Journal of Nutrition 2013; 143(3):362-368. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-24. Winichagoon P, McKenzie JE, Chavasit V, et al. A multimicronutrient-fortified seasoning powder enhances the hemoglobin, zinc, and iodine status of primary school children in North East Thailand: a randomized controlled trial of efficacy. Journal of Nutrition 2006; 136(6):1617-1623. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-25. Lien DTK, Nhung BT, Khan NC, Hop LT, Nga NTQ, Hung NT, Kiers JL, Yamamoto S, te Biesebeke R. Impact of milk consumption on performance and health of primary school children in rural Vietnam. 2009; 18(3):326-334. PMID 19786380. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-26. Zhao R, Gan Q, Hu Z, et al. Changes in fitness of rural primary school students from southwest China after two-year's nutrition intervention. Nutrients 2021; 13(10):3544. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-27. Murayama N, Magami M, Akter S, et al. A pilot school meal program using local foods with soybean in rural Bangladesh: effects on the nutritional status of children. Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018; 9(4):290-313. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-28. Krebs NF, Mazariegos M, Chomba E, et al. Randomized controlled trial of meat compared with multimicronutrient-fortified cereal in infants and toddlers with high stunting rates in diverse settings. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2012; 96(4):840-847. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-29. Tang M, Sheng X, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Meat as complementary food for older breastfed infants and toddlers: a randomized, controlled trial in rural China. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2014; 35(4 Suppl 3):S188-S192. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-30. Skau JKH, Touch B, Chamnan C, et al. Effects of animal source food and micronutrient fortification in complementary food products on body composition, iron status, and linear growth: a randomized trial in Cambodia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2015; 101(4):742-751. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-31. Manary M, Wegner D, Maleta K. Protein quality malnutrition. Frontiers in Nutrition 2024; 11:1428810. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • NQR-32. Reynaud Y, Buffiere C, Cohade B, et al. True ileal amino acid digestibility and digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAASs) of plant-based protein foods. Food Chemistry 2021; 338:128020. Type: peer-reviewed.

ECR: E-commerce (wave 8), v0.4 (16)

  • ECR-01. Metric.vn (3 Apr 2026). Thi truong Sua nuoc Viet Nam qua lang kinh san TMDT Shopee: Quy mo, xu huong va co hoi tang truong 2026. Metric blog. Type: market-research.
  • ECR-02. Metric.vn (29 Jul 2026). Metric: Bao cao thuong mai dien tu Viet Nam 6 thang dau nam 2026 duoi goc nhin cac san. Metric blog. Type: market-research.
  • ECR-03. Metric.vn (28 Jan 2026). Metric chinh thuc cong bo Bao cao Thuong mai Dien tu Viet Nam 2025. Metric blog. Type: market-research.
  • ECR-04. Metric.vn. Blog listing pages 1 to 8 (80 posts) and E-report library page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: market-research.
  • ECR-05. YouNet Media. Market report category (bao-cao-thi-truong, pages 1 to 4) and WordPress site search for sua hat, sua dau nanh, thuc vat, chay, protein. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: market-research.
  • ECR-06. Kamereo. Product pages read through their embedded page data (price incl. VAT, stock, origin, category, cumulative totalSold counter, description) for 142 plant-milk, dairy-milk, tofu, chay and processed-meat SKUs selected from the sitemap (CPC-13), fetched 10 seconds apart. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • ECR-07. AVAKids (Mobile World Group). Category pages Sua tuoi (page 1) and Sua hat, read through the fetch tool. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • ECR-08. WheyShop. Product sitemap (146 URLs) and product pages. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • ECR-09. Co.op Online (Saigon Co.op). Sitemaps (collection products, milk collection: 1,007 URLs) and product pages for Fami soy milk (bich 200 ml; 36 x 200 ml) and Vinamilk Super Nut (4 x 180 ml), structured data. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • ECR-10. Bach Hoa Xanh (Mobile World Group). Home page, Sua cho ca nha collection and Sua tuoi category page, read through the fetch tool; search page (robots.txt). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • ECR-11. Shopee Vietnam. Nut-milk category page and robots.txt. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • ECR-12. Lazada Vietnam. Catalogue search (q=sua hat) and brand store page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • ECR-13. Tiki. Search (q=sua hat), Bach hoa online category (c4384) and home page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • ECR-14. TikTok Shop Vietnam. Shop landing page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • ECR-15. Sendo. Home page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • ECR-16. Brand and retailer web shops checked for sales counters: Vissanmart, An Nhien Food, Ong Tempeh, Vinasoy, Nam An Market, TH truemart (sua hat collection), Nutifood (ngoinhadinhduong.com), Kingfoodmart, WinMart soy-milk category, Vinamilk Giac Mo Sua Viet (403), Au Lac Vegan (connection reset). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.

HXE: Hybrid economics (wave 8), v0.4 (14)

  • HXE-01. Pham T.H., Nguyen V.V.T., Nguyen H.D., Nguyen T.T.H. (2021). Identifying the drivers of liking for texture attributes of Vietnamese sausage. Science and Technology Development Journal: Engineering and Technology 4(2). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • HXE-02. Nguyen H.T., Tang M.N., Doan D.P., Le V.V.M. (2018). Substitution of peanut protein for soy protein as a non-meat binder in emulsion-type sausage production. Science and Technology Development Journal 20(K7), pp. 41 to 49. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • HXE-03. Le M.H., Tran T.L., Tran T.N. (2024). Nghien cuu che bien gio lua su dung phu gia co nguon goc tu nhien va bo sung vi chat. Tap chi Dinh duong va Thuc pham 20(4). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • HXE-04. Rentfrow G.K., Brewer M.S., Weingartner K.E., McKeith F.K. (2004). Sensory characteristics of beef and pork processed meats containing nonsolvent extracted texturized soy protein. Journal of Muscle Foods 15(4), pp. 225 to 234. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • HXE-05. Moazzam M., Ali S.M., Khan M.A., et al. (2025). Impact of soy protein concentrate and storage on the safety, quality and shelf stability of beef patties. Food Science and Nutrition 14(1), e71327. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • HXE-06. Li X., Qi X., Deng J.-C., et al. (2025). Characterization of Fusarium venenatum mycoprotein-based Harbin red sausages. Foods 14(4), 556. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • HXE-07. Fu Q., Yang J., Lv L., Shen T., Peng Y., Zhang W. (2023). Effects of replacing chicken breast meat with Agaricus bisporus mushrooms on the qualities of emulsion-type sausages. LWT 184, 114983. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • HXE-08. Yeung C.K., Huang S.C. (2017). Effects of food proteins on sensory and physico-chemical properties of emulsified pork meatballs. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 6(1), pp. 8 to 12. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • HXE-09. Baune M.-C., Broucke K., Ebert S., et al. (2023). Meat hybrids: an assessment of sensorial aspects, consumer acceptance, and nutritional properties. Frontiers in Nutrition 10, 1101479. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • HXE-10. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. 7 CFR Part 210, Appendix A: Alternate foods for meals, alternate protein products. Type: gov/statistics.
  • HXE-11. VissanMart online shop. Thit heo VietGAP category, pages 1 and 2 (retail prices of fresh pork cuts and skin). Type: company.
  • HXE-12. Grasso S., Jaworska S. (2020). Part meat and part plant: are hybrid meat products fad or future? Foods 9(12), 1888. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • HXE-13. Nguyen Thi Cha, Ho Phu Ha, Nguyen Tien Thanh (2025). Study on the application of nanochitin for salt reduction in Vietnamese pork paste (Gio Lua). International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. Type: other.
  • HXE-14. thuvienphapluat.vn search listing: Quyet dinh 3974/QD-BKHCN nam 2017 cong bo tieu chuan quoc gia Thit va san pham thit (includes TCVN 8157:2017 and TCVN 8158:2017). Type: gov/statistics.

TRU: Fillers and trust (wave 9), v0.4 (32)

  • TRU-01. VietNamNet (reprinted from Tuoi tre & Doi song). Do chay gia man doc hai tran ve tu Dai Loan. 9 February 2015. Type: press.
  • TRU-02. CDC Quang Ninh (republishing Dan Tri). Cach nhan biet gio cha an toan ngay Tet. 9 February 2015. Type: gov/statistics.
  • TRU-03. Lao Dong (L.V.). Gio cha 'tu cung' de doi pho gia thit lon qua cao. 18 December 2019. Type: press.
  • TRU-04. VnExpress (Hong Chau, Thanh Thu). Tran lan do chay khong nhan mac. About 2 September 2020. Type: press.
  • TRU-05. VnExpress (Thuy Quynh). Hai thuc pham hay tron han the can canh giac. 24 November 2024. Type: press.
  • TRU-06. Dan Tri. Vu gio cha chua han the o Ha Noi: Cua hang van mo cua, co khach mua. 20 January 2026. Type: press.
  • TRU-07. Dan Tri site search for 'giò chả hàn the', run 25 September 2026. Type: database.
  • TRU-08. Dan Tri. Cha bong don... bot mi, hoa chat. 21 October 2015. Type: press.
  • TRU-09. Dan Tri. Hai vo chong 'ho bien' thit heo thanh bo vien. 29 April 2018. Type: press.
  • TRU-10. Dan Tri (Bao Anh). Thit lon lam tu dau nanh, vao nha hang coi chung dinh 'cu lua'. 12 May 2020. Type: press.
  • TRU-11. Dan Tri. Thit nhan tao khong the thay duoc 'thit that' o Viet Nam. 12 May 2020. Type: press.
  • TRU-12. Dan Tri (Ban doc). 'Hoa phep' thit bo gia tai TPHCM: Khong co thit bo nao gia 118.000 dong/kg. 25 December 2025. Type: press.
  • TRU-13. Dan Tri. An thit 'gia' co lam tang nguy co dot quy? 10 July 2024. Type: press.
  • TRU-14. Dan Tri. Dong Nai kiem tra cac co so san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham chay. 31 August 2020. Type: press.
  • TRU-15. Dan Tri. Canh bao nguy hai tu phu gia trong thuc pham chay gia man. 6 September 2020. Type: press.
  • TRU-16. Dan Tri. Phat hien hon 6.500 kg cha don chay su dung han the. 26 January 2022. Type: press.
  • TRU-17. Dan Tri. Bat mot co so san xuat thuc pham chay su dung chat cam. 5 February 2020. Type: press.
  • TRU-18. Dan Tri. An Giang: Bat giu 3 tan cha don chay khong dam bao an toan thuc pham. 22 April 2021. Type: press.
  • TRU-19. Dan Tri (Dien dan). 'Nhat chem' cua Vinastas vao nganh nghe nuoc mam truyen thong. 23 October 2016. Type: press.
  • TRU-20. Dan Tri. Hang loat duong day thuc pham ban quy mo lon bi phanh phui. 1 April 2026. Type: press.
  • TRU-21. Dan Tri. Vu suat an toan 'top mo': Phu huynh loay hoay di kiem nghiem mau thuc an. 24 September 2026. Type: press.
  • TRU-22. Dan Tri site searches run 25 September 2026 (first result page read for each). Type: database.
  • TRU-23. Dan Tri (sponsored, Vinasoy with the National Institute of Nutrition). Can bang luong dam thuc vat trong che do an giup giam benh man tinh khong lay. 9 August 2023. Type: press.
  • TRU-24. QUATEST 3. QUATEST 3 trien khai phuong phap phat hien DNA dong vat trong san pham hoac nguyen lieu thuc pham va thuc an chan nuoi. 4 February 2025. Type: gov/statistics.
  • TRU-25. Bach Hoa Xanh. Mi khoai tay Omachi xot bo ham ly 114g (co cay thit that), product page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • TRU-26. Bach Hoa Xanh. Xuc xich category page and Xuxifarm product pages (xuc-xich-vi-bo-ham-dau-nanh-xuxifarm-cay-198g; xuc-xich-be-khoe-heo-ham-hat-sen-xuxifarm-goi-200g). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • TRU-27. Google web search result snippets (browser), run 25 September 2026: seller claims about fillers. Queries: 'giò độn bột'; '"giò lụa" "độn bột"'; '"độn đạm đậu nành"'; '"xúc xích" "độn" đậu nành bột'. Type: database.
  • TRU-28. Google web search result snippets (browser), run 25 September 2026: additive and soy-protein supplier pages. Type: database.
  • TRU-29. Google web and news search result snippets (browser), run 25 September 2026: advice and warning pages on choosing giò chả and chay. Type: database.
  • TRU-30. Google web search result snippets (browser), run 25 September 2026: social-media posts on meat in chay. Type: database.
  • TRU-31. Google News result snippets (browser), run 25 September 2026: processed-meat and chay enforcement stories. Type: database.
  • TRU-32. Tripmap Marketplace. Xuc xich ga nam huong Eatclean 500g, product page, accessed 25 September 2026; and Google snippets for beFood (My Healthy Corner, Hanoi) and community Facebook posts. Type: company.

UPL: Upland and canteen plates (wave 9), v0.4 (36)

  • UPL-01. Trường PTDT bán trú THCS Mường Nhé. Thực đơn ăn bán trú tuần 3 tháng 9/2026 (21 to 30 Sep 2026), with cost sheet. Posted 18 Sep 2026. Type: other.
  • UPL-02. Trường PTDT bán trú THCS Mường Nhé. Thực đơn ăn bán trú tuần 1 and tuần 2 tháng 9/2026 (6 to 20 Sep 2026). Posted 6 and 12 Sep 2026. Type: other.
  • UPL-03. Trường PTDT bán trú THCS Mường Nhé. Thực đơn ăn HS bán trú tuần 4 tháng 3/2026 (23 to 31 Mar 2026) and tuần 3 tháng 5/2026 (18 to 23 May 2026). Type: other.
  • UPL-04. Trường PTDT bán trú THCS Mường Nhé. Thực đơn ăn trưa theo NĐ 339/2025 tuần 3 tháng 9/2026 (21 to 30 Sep 2026), with public cost sheet. Posted 18 Sep 2026. Type: other.
  • UPL-05. Trường PTDTBT Tiểu học số 2 Na Tông. Thực đơn ăn bán trú tháng 3 năm học 2025 - 2026 (1 to 31 Mar 2026). Type: other.
  • UPL-06. Trường PTDTBT Tiểu học Mường Anh. Thực đơn bán trú từ ngày 11-16 tháng 01 năm 2026. Type: other.
  • UPL-07. Trường PTDTBT TH Leng Su Sìn. Bảng thực đơn tuần trong tháng của học sinh bán trú (255 HS), 20 to 30 Jan 2026, with cost sheet. Type: other.
  • UPL-08. Trường PTDTBT TH Leng Su Sìn. Bảng thực đơn tuần của học sinh Dự án Nuôi em (143 em), 20 to 30 Jan 2026, with cost sheet. Type: other.
  • UPL-09. Trường PTDTBT THCS Leng Su Sìn. Bảng thực đơn tuần 26 của học sinh bán trú (219 học sinh), 2 to 7 Mar 2026, with cost sheet. Type: other.
  • UPL-10. Trường PTDTBT TH và THCS Sen Thượng. Thực đơn ăn tháng 01/2026 của học sinh bán trú (67 em), with cost sheet. Type: other.
  • UPL-11. Trường PTDTBT TH&THCS Tả Ngảo. Thông báo công khai thực đơn, giá thành thực phẩm tuần 02 từ ngày 07/9/2026 đến 13/9/2026. Type: other.
  • UPL-12. Trường PTDTBT Tiểu học Hồng Thu. Thực đơn nuôi ăn bán trú, 1 to 28 Feb 2026 (229 học sinh). Type: other.
  • UPL-13. Trường PTDTBT THCS Nậm Hăn. Thực đơn bán trú tháng 04 năm 2026. Type: other.
  • UPL-14. Trường PTDTBT Tiểu học và THCS Mường Do. Bảng thực đơn tuần 02 and tuần 03 tháng 04 năm 2026. Type: other.
  • UPL-15. Trường Phổ thông Dân tộc Nội trú tỉnh Cao Bằng. Thực đơn phục vụ bếp ăn tập thể học sinh tuần 22 (12 to 18 Jan 2026) and tuần 24 (26 Jan to 1 Feb 2026). Type: other.
  • UPL-16. Trường PTDTNT THPT Măng Đen. Thực đơn món ăn trong tuần (7 to 13 and 14 to 20 Sep 2026). Type: other.
  • UPL-17. Trường Phổ thông DTNT THPT Nà Hỳ. Thực đơn ăn từ ngày 14/9 đến 20/9/2026 (khẩu phần ăn 27.500đ/bữa/học sinh). Type: other.
  • UPL-18. Trương Thị Thùy Dương, Trần Thị Hồng Vân, Trần Thị Huyền Trang, Nguyễn Thị Thanh Tâm (2021). Khẩu phần ăn của học sinh dân tộc thiểu số tại hai trường phổ thông dân tộc nội trú trung học cơ sở tỉnh Yên Bái. Tạp chí Y học Việt Nam 504(2): 178 to 182. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • UPL-19. Truong Thi Thuy Duong, Tran Thi Hong Van, Tran Thi Huyen Trang, Nguyen Thi Thanh Tam (2021). The dietary intake of ethnic minority students at two ethnic boarding junior secondary schools in Thai Nguyen province. Tạp chí Y học Cộng đồng 62(6). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • UPL-20. Báo Gia Lai. Hỗ trợ tiền ăn 936 ngàn đồng/tháng cho học sinh bán trú (Nghị định 66/2025/NĐ-CP). 17 Mar 2025. Type: press.
  • UPL-21. Báo Chính phủ. Hỗ trợ tiền ăn, gạo, đồ dùng cá nhân cho học sinh trường phổ thông nội trú (Nghị định 188/2026/NĐ-CP ngày 27/5/2026). 28 May 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • UPL-22. Báo Nông nghiệp và Môi trường. Gần 420.000 học sinh biên giới sắp có bữa trưa miễn phí. 9 Sep 2025. Type: press.
  • UPL-23. Dân trí. Những bữa cơm bán trú 17.000 đồng của học sinh vùng cao. 16 Oct 2025. Type: press.
  • UPL-24. Người Lao Động (via Tuổi Trẻ). Vụ bữa ăn bán trú của học sinh bị cắt xén: Bắt một cựu hiệu trưởng. 23 Oct 2024. Type: press.
  • UPL-25. VnExpress. Cải thiện bữa ăn cho hàng trăm học sinh vùng cao. 26 Sep 2025. Type: press.
  • UPL-26. Trường PTDTBT Tiểu học và THCS Long Môn. Thông báo nhu cầu hợp đồng cấp dưỡng và cung cấp thực phẩm năm học 2026-2027. 31 Jul 2026. Type: other.
  • UPL-27. Công ty TNHH MTV Suất Ăn Công Nghiệp Hoàng Kim. Thực đơn (sample trays by price tier: VND 20,000, 23,000 school, 25,000). Pages created 23 to 25 Feb 2024, modified 2025. Type: company.
  • UPL-28. Công ty TNHH Suất Ăn Công Nghiệp Việt Đài. Menu thực đơn cơm công nhân ngon 7 ngày trong tuần: 20k-25k-30k. 3 Nov 2023. Type: company.
  • UPL-29. Công ty TNHH Thiên Phúc Hiếu. Thực đơn suất ăn công nghiệp 17k, 18k, 20k, 22k, 25k, 30k, 35k, 40k, 50k and 7-day page. Feb 2025. Type: company.
  • UPL-30. Phú Mỹ Gold. Suất ăn công nghiệp 30k: thực đơn 30 ngày (weeks 1 to 3 read). 2023. Type: company.
  • UPL-31. Phú Mỹ Gold. Bữa chay trong suất ăn công nghiệp tại Phú Mỹ Bà Rịa. 2023. Type: company.
  • UPL-32. Haseca. Thực đơn suất ăn công nghiệp theo tuần, tháng: cách lập chuẩn nhất. 11 Dec 2025. Type: company.
  • UPL-33. Hải Nam Catering. Bảng định lượng suất ăn công nghiệp: minh bạch và chuẩn xác. 7 Jan 2026. Type: company.
  • UPL-34. Công đoàn Việt Nam. Chăm lo từ bữa ăn ca để xây dựng quan hệ lao động hài hòa. 18 Jun 2026. Type: press.
  • UPL-35. Lao động và Đoàn thể. Xây dựng, phát hành các thực đơn mẫu về bữa ăn ca cho NLĐ. 23 Sep 2022. Type: press.
  • UPL-36. Cuộc sống an toàn (Lao động và Đoàn thể). Nguyên tắc xây dựng thực đơn và tiêu chí của bữa ăn ca. Undated. Type: press.

MKT: Marketplaces (wave 9), v0.4 (8)

  • MKT-01. Shopee Vietnam. Search page (keyword sữa hạt) and a Vinamilk Cao Dam product page, opened in a logged-out desktop browser tab; Shopee Mall landing page. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • MKT-02. TikTok Shop Vietnam. Shop landing page in a logged-out desktop browser tab. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • MKT-03. Lazada Vietnam. Search listing pages and the listing data each page requests (catalog ajax=true, page 1) for 21 queries, read in a logged-out desktop browser tab about 4 seconds apart. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • MKT-04. Lazada Vietnam. Product pages read logged out: GoldSoy khong duong 12 x 1 L (i304116929), Sua Hat Cao Dam it duong 24 x 180 ml (i2656628019), Vinamilk dau nanh hat oc cho 48 hop (i304122784), Suon non chay Tam Phat 1 kg (i1373157709), AFIT vegan protein 1 kg (i3076777438), ON Gold Standard 5 lb (i2019564464). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • MKT-05. Tiki. Search pages and the search data each page requests (api/v2/products, limit 40) for 17 queries, read in a logged-out desktop browser tab. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • MKT-06. Tiki. Product records (api/v2/products/{id}) for GoldSoy khong duong 12 x 1 L (21969658), Cao Dam it duong 24 x 180 ml (278424813), 9 loai hat it duong 24 x 180 ml (176103097), Vinamilk dau nanh hat oc cho (21196433), Fami nguyen chat (12629696), Fami Canxi Plus (193210912). Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: company.
  • MKT-07. Google Search. Results page for site:shopee.vn sữa hạt cao đạm Vinamilk, in the browser. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.
  • MKT-08. Bing. Results page for the same site-restricted query. Accessed 25 September 2026. Type: other.

ORG: Rules of origin (wave 9), v0.4 (16)

  • ORG-01. European Union and Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. Official Journal L 186, 12 June 2020. Protocol 1 (origin): Articles 1 and 5; Annex I introductory notes 3.3, 3.5 and 4.2; Annex II rules for chapters 11, 12, 16, 19, 20, 21 and 23. Full text read from the Publications Office repository because EUR-Lex declined to display a 25.4 MB document. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • ORG-02. European Commission, DG Trade. Access2Markets tariff service (api/tariffs/get), origin Viet Nam, destination Germany, codes 19022010, 19022030, 1902209120, 1902209190, 1902209920, 1902209990, 1902301020, 1902309020, 1905902010, 2004909810, 2004909860, 2004909880, 2106102020, 2106102090, 2106909815, 2106909860, 1602499000, 1602323090, 1602501090, 1604209090. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • ORG-03. UK Department for Business and Trade and HMRC. UK Trade Tariff API v2, commodities 1902201099, 1902203099, 1902209190, 1902209990, 1902309020, 1905902010, 2004909880, 2106102090, 2106909830, 2106909869, 1602495000, 1602499000, and geographical area 2051 (CPTPP All Members). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • ORG-04. UK Department for Business and Trade and HMRC. UK Trade Tariff API v2, rules_of_origin_schemes for 190590, 200490, 160249 and 190230, country VN: UK-Viet Nam Origin Reference Document v1.1 (28 Dec 2021) Article 5 and Annex II; CPTPP Origin Reference Document v1.1 (30 Sep 2024). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • ORG-05. Japan Customs. Japan's Tariff Schedule (Statistical Code for Import) as of April 1, 2026, chapter 19. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • ORG-06. RCEP Secretariat. RCEP Product-Specific Rules in HS 2022 (1 January 2023), document R01. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • ORG-07. Canada Border Services Agency. Customs Tariff 2026, chapters 19 and 21 (HTML). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • ORG-08. World Bank. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) TRAINS API, reported MFN applied tariffs, HS 190220, 190230, 190590, 210610, 210690, 200490, 160249, reporters Japan, Korea, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Viet Nam, year 2023. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • ORG-09. United States International Trade Commission. Harmonized Tariff Schedule REST search, 1902.20.00. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • ORG-10. European Commission. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/404 laying down the lists of third countries authorised for the entry into the Union of animals, germinal products and products of animal origin, Annex XV (meat products from ungulates, poultry and game birds), text as adopted (24 March 2021). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • ORG-11. European Commission. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/405 laying down the lists of third countries authorised for the entry into the Union of certain products of animal origin, Annexes VIII and IX, text as adopted (24 March 2021). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • ORG-12. Open Food Facts. Product records (API v2) 00885584 (Marks and Spencer prawn and mangetout gyoza), 7613269260028 and 7613269260035 (Migros Anna's Best dim sum), 9349673004030 (Mr Chen's gluten free vegetable gyoza), and search-service queries for Viet Nam origin or GS1 prefix 893 with dumpling, gyoza, wonton and spring roll terms. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: database.
  • ORG-13. Cholimex Food JSC. He thong quan tri chat luong (Quality management system), company page. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • ORG-14. GN Foods JSC. Home page (accreditations). Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: company.
  • ORG-15. European Central Bank. Euro foreign exchange reference rates (EXR), daily USD, GBP and JPY against EUR, 24 Sep 2026. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: gov/statistics.
  • ORG-16. IFS Management GmbH. IFS home page and certificate database entry point. Accessed 25 Sep 2026. Type: other.

PRA: Prologue: what alternative protein is (wave 10), v0.5 (22)

  • PRA-01. EFSA NDA Panel. Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein. EFSA Journal 10(2):2557, 9 Feb 2012. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2557 . Supports: role of dietary protein; adult population reference intake 0.83 g/kg body weight per day. Type: regulator. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRA-02. FAO. Dietary protein quality evaluation in human nutrition: report of an FAO Expert Consultation. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 92. Rome, 2013. https://www.fao.org/ag/humannutrition/35978-02317b979a686a57aa4593304ffc17f06.pdf . Supports: DIAAS recommended to replace PDCAAS; PDCAAS truncation at 100%; list of nine indispensable amino acids (Table 5). Type: intergovernmental. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRA-03. Derbyshire E, Theobald H, Wall BT, et al. Food for our future: the nutritional science behind the sustainable fungal protein, mycoprotein. A symposium review. Journal of Nutritional Science 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2023.29 . Supports: Quorn launched 1985; sold in twenty countries; authorised by UK MAFF by 1984; fermenter feed of glucose, ammonia and salts. Type: peer-reviewed (symposium review). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRA-04. Cheriaparambil R, Grossmann L. Properties and cultivation of Fusarium spp. to produce mycoprotein as an alternative protein source. Sustainable Food Proteins 3(1) (2025). https://doi.org/10.1002/sfp2.70002 . Supports: F. venenatum approved for human consumption in the UK in 1981; sale under Quorn from 1985; first product a savoury pie. Type: peer-reviewed review. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRA-05. Amara AAAF, El-Baky NA. Fungi as a source of edible proteins and animal feed. Journal of Fungi 9(1):73 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9010073 . Supports: freshly harvested mycoprotein about 12% protein (wet weight); Quorn launched 1985 in the UK. Type: peer-reviewed review. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRA-06. Finnigan TJA, Wall BT, Wilde PJ, Stephens FB, Taylor SL, Freedman MR. Mycoprotein: the future of nutritious nonmeat protein, a symposium review. Current Developments in Nutrition 3(6):nzz021 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz021 . Supports: mycoprotein sold as Quorn in 17 countries (2019). Type: peer-reviewed (symposium review). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRA-07. US Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR 184.1685 Chymosin (eCFR, current). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-184/subpart-B/section-184.1685 . Supports: chymosin preparations from E. coli K-12, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Aspergillus niger affirmed as GRAS; source note 55 FR 10935, 23 March 1990. Type: regulator. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRA-08. Nicosia FD, Puglisi I, Pino A, et al. Plant milk-clotting enzymes for cheesemaking. Foods 11(6):871 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11060871 . Supports: fermentation-produced chymosin used for about 70% (US) and 90% (UK) of cheese; cheese the first FDA-recognised food made with recombinant DNA. Type: peer-reviewed review. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRA-09. Akishev Z, Aktayeva S, Kiribayeva A, et al. Obtaining of recombinant camel chymosin and testing its milk-clotting activity on cow, goat, ewe, camel and mare milk. Biology 11(11):1545 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111545 . Supports: calf chymosin the first recombinant enzyme approved by FDA; more than 90% of rennet produced by fermentation. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRA-10. Sanchez-Garcia L, Martin L, Mangues R, et al. Recombinant pharmaceuticals from microbial cells: a 2015 update. Microbial Cell Factories 15:33 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-016-0437-3 . Supports: Humulin, recombinant human insulin made in E. coli, first biopharmaceutical approved by FDA, in 1982. Type: peer-reviewed review. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRA-11. US FDA. Agency response letter, GRAS Notice No. GRN 000737 (soy leghemoglobin preparation from Pichia pastoris; notifier Impossible Foods). 23 July 2018. https://www.fda.gov/media/116243/download . Supports: FDA no questions letter; use up to 0.8% soy leghemoglobin protein in ground beef analogues. Type: regulator. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRA-12. Impossible Foods. The debut of the world's most anticipated burger (news release). 25 July 2016. https://impossiblefoods.com/media/news-releases/2016/07/momofuku-nishi-launch . Supports: Impossible Burger introduced 27 July 2016 at Momofuku Nishi, New York; key ingredients. Type: company. Type: company.
  • PRA-13. Beyond Meat. The brand new Beyond Burger launches at grocery stores nationwide (news release). 27 April 2021. https://investors.beyondmeat.com/news-releases/news-release-details/brand-new-beyond-burgerr-launches-grocery-stores-nationwide . Supports: Beyond Burger introduced in 2016 and sold in the meat case. Type: company. Type: company.
  • PRA-14. US FDA. Agency response letter, GRAS Notice No. GRN 000863 (beta-lactoglobulin produced by Trichoderma reesei; notifier Perfect Day). 25 March 2020. https://www.fda.gov/media/136751/download . Supports: FDA no questions letter for a precision-fermented milk protein. Type: regulator. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRA-15. Verbeke W, Marcu A, Rutsaert P, et al. Would you eat cultured meat? Consumers' reactions and attitude formation in Belgium, Portugal and the United Kingdom. Meat Science 102:49-58 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.11.013 . Supports: first cultured hamburger tasting in London, August 2013. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRA-16. Post MJ, Levenberg S, Kaplan DL, et al. Scientific, sustainability and regulatory challenges of cultured meat. Nature Food 1:403-415 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0112-z . Supports: how cultivated meat is made (cell expansion from about 10^4 to 10^13 cells per tonne, bioreactors, media, scaffolds). Type: peer-reviewed review. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRA-17. Good Food Institute. New studies show that cultivated meat offers massive climate benefits (press release on CE Delft life-cycle and techno-economic assessments). 9 March 2021. https://gfi.org/press/new-studies-further-the-case-for-cultivated-meat-over-conventional-meat-in-the-race-to-net-zero-emissions/ . Supports: modelled cultivated meat production cost of USD 5.66/kg by 2030 in the lowest-cost scenario, 10,000 t/yr plant. Type: advocacy. Type: advocacy.
  • PRA-18. Garcia-Encinas JP, Ruiz-Cruz S, Juarez J, et al. Proteins from microalgae: nutritional, functional and bioactive properties. Foods 14(6):921 (2025). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14060921 . Supports: Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) and Chlorella vulgaris contain 50 to 70% protein on a dry weight basis; digestibility 70 to 90%. Type: peer-reviewed review. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRA-19. Suhartanti PD, Handajani S, Nandariyah. Physical characteristics of the seeds of soybean (Glycine max) varieties and the effect of fermentation time on the chemical characteristics of tempeh. Cell Biology and Development 3(1):13-18 (2019). https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v030103 . Supports: tempeh protein 16.65 to 25.19% across six Indonesian soybean varieties and three fermentation times. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRA-20. Fraanje W, Garnett T. Soy: food, feed, and land use change. Foodsource: building blocks. Food Climate Research Network (TABLE), University of Oxford, 2020. https://www.tabledebates.org/building-blocks/soy-food-feed-and-land-use-change . Supports: 87% of global soy output crushed into oil and cake; 99% of soy cake used as animal feed; 6% of soy used directly as human food (USDA data, 2018 to 2019). Type: reference explainer from a university research network. Type: other.
  • PRA-21. Ritchie H. Drivers of deforestation (soy section). Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/drivers-of-deforestation . Supports: more than three-quarters (77%) of global soy is fed to livestock for meat and dairy production (2018, USDA via Fraanje and Garnett 2020). Type: encyclopedia. Type: other.
  • PRA-22. Falowo BA, Hosu YS, Idamokoro EM. Perspectives of meat eaters on the consumption of cultured beef (in vitro production) from the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 6:924396 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.924396 . Supports: first cultured beef burger presented on 5 August 2013 in London. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.

PRB: Prologue: arguments for and against (wave 10), v0.5 (27)

  • PRB-01. Poore, J. and Nemecek, T. (2018). Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science 360(6392): 987 to 992. Erratum 2019 (doi:10.1126/science.aaw9908). Accepted manuscript read at Oxford University Research Archive. Supports: 83% of farmland, 37% of protein, 18% of calories; 76% land and 49% GHG reduction without animal products; 90th percentile beef 105 kg CO2e and 370 m2 per 100 g protein. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRB-02. Our World in Data. Land use per 100 grams of protein (dataset from Poore and Nemecek 2018, Science). Grapher CSV https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/land-use-protein-poore.csv . Supports: global mean land use (m2 x year) per 100 g protein by food. Type: statistics (peer-reviewed data, re-published). Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRB-03. Ritchie, H. (2020). Less meat is nearly always better than sustainable meat, to reduce your carbon footprint. Our World in Data, 4 Feb 2020. Supports: global median GHG per 100 g protein (beef 25 kg CO2e), 10th percentile lamb 12 and beef 9, highest-impact peas 0.8, nuts 2.4, tofu 3.5. Type: data publication (secondary). Type: other.
  • PRB-04. FAO (2025). OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2025-2034: Emerging economies will drive growth in animal-source food consumption and production. News release, 15 July 2025. Supports: +6% per capita calories from livestock and fish (world), +24% (lower-middle-income); meat, dairy and eggs output +17%; 143 kcal in low-income countries; 33% of cereals to feed by 2034; India and Southeast Asia 39% of consumption growth. Type: intergovernmental. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRB-05. OECD and FAO (2025). OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2025-2034, Executive summary (PDF). Supports: total consumption of agricultural and fish commodities +13% by 2034; nearly all growth in low- and middle-income countries; 143 kcal of animal foods in low-income countries; direct agricultural GHG +6%. Type: intergovernmental. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRB-06. OECD and FAO (2026). OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2026-2035. Publication page, 29 June 2026. Supports: global production +13% over ten years; direct agricultural GHG +6%. Type: intergovernmental. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRB-07. FAO (2023). New FAO report maps pathways towards lower livestock emissions. News release, 8 Dec 2023, on 'Pathways towards lower emissions: a global assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options from livestock agrifood systems'. Supports: 6.2 Gt CO2e in 2015, about 12% of anthropogenic GHG; cattle 3.8 Gt (62%); +20% demand for terrestrial animal products by 2050; nearly 9.1 Gt by 2050 without action. Type: intergovernmental. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRB-08. Gerber, P.J. et al. (2013). Tackling climate change through livestock: a global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities. FAO, Rome. Supports: 7.1 Gt CO2e a year, 14.5% of human-induced GHG; reference year 2005; cattle 4.6 Gt (65%). Type: intergovernmental. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRB-09. Crippa, M. et al. (2021). Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nature Food 2: 198 to 209. Supports: 18 Gt CO2e in 2015, 34% of total GHG; 71% from agriculture and land use and land-use change; series 1990 to 2015. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRB-10. Cassidy, E.S., West, P.C., Gerber, J.S. and Foley, J.A. (2013). Redefining agricultural yields: from tonnes to people nourished per hectare. Environmental Research Letters 8(3): 034015. Supports: 36% of crop calories to feed, 12% of feed calories return as food; 70% more calories and 4 billion people if all crops went to direct food use. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRB-11. Mottet, A. et al. (2017). Livestock: On our plates or eating at our table? A new analysis of the feed/food debate. Global Food Security 14: 1 to 8. Supports: 86% of livestock feed intake not edible by humans; 6 billion t feed dry matter including one third of cereals; 2.8 kg (ruminant) and 3.2 kg (monogastric) human-edible feed per kg boneless meat; 2.5 billion ha. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRB-12. Jones, K.E. et al. (2008). Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature 451(7181): 990 to 993. Supports: 335 EID events 1940 to 2004; 60.3% zoonotic; 71.8% of zoonotic events from wildlife. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRB-13. UNEP and ILRI (2020). Press release for 'Preventing the next pandemic: zoonotic diseases and how to break the chain of transmission', 8 July 2020, as posted by the UN in Indonesia. Supports: seven drivers including increased demand for animal protein and unsustainable intensive farming; about two million deaths a year from neglected zoonoses; over USD 100 billion losses in two decades. Type: intergovernmental. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRB-14. WHO. Cancer: Carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat. Questions and answers (on the IARC Monographs evaluation of October 2015). Supports: processed meat Group 1, red meat Group 2A; +18% colorectal cancer per 50 g processed meat a day; +17% per 100 g red meat if causal; hazard not risk; meat can be part of a healthy diet. Type: intergovernmental. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRB-15. Our World in Data, based on FAOSTAT Production (QCL). Animals slaughtered for meat, World, 1961 to 2024. CSV https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat.csv?country=~OWID_WRL . Supports: 2024 world counts for chickens (78.53 billion), ducks (4.23 billion), pigs (1.49 billion), sheep, goats, turkeys, cattle. Type: statistics (FAO, re-published). Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRB-16. fishcount.org.uk. Fish count estimates. Supports: 1.1 to 2.2 trillion wild fish caught a year on average in 2000 to 2019; 124 billion farmed fish killed in 2019 (range 78 to 171 billion); 250 to 600 billion farmed crustaceans in 2017. Type: advocacy (animal welfare). Type: advocacy.
  • PRB-17. FAO. Animal Production (web page). Supports: livestock about 40% of agricultural output in developed countries and 20% in developing; livelihoods of at least 1.3 billion people; 34% of global food protein supply from livestock. Type: intergovernmental. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRB-18. UN News (2023). FAO makes case for meat, eggs and milk as 'essential source of nutrients'. 25 April 2023. Report on FAO (2023) 'Contribution of terrestrial animal source food to healthy diets for improved nutrition and health outcomes'. Supports: nutrients supplied by animal-source foods; 372 million preschool children and 1.2 billion women lacking key micronutrients; caution on processed red meat. Type: intergovernmental (UN news service). Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRB-19. Rauber, F. et al. (2024). Implications of food ultra-processing on cardiovascular risk considering plant origin foods: an analysis of the UK Biobank cohort. The Lancet Regional Health Europe 43: 100948. Supports: n = 118,397; per 10% of energy, plant-sourced non-UPF HR 0.87 and plant-sourced UPF HR 1.12 for CVD mortality. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRB-20. Crimarco, A. et al. (2020). A randomized crossover trial on the effect of plant-based compared with animal-based meat on trimethylamine-N-oxide and cardiovascular disease risk factors in generally healthy adults: SWAP-MEAT. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112(5): 1188 to 1199. Supports: n = 36; LDL 109.9 vs 120.7 mg/dL; lower TMAO with an order effect. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRB-21. Harnack, L., Reese, M.M. and Johnson, A.J. (2022). Are plant-based meat alternative products healthier than the animal meats they mimic? Nutrition Today 57(4): 195 to 199. Supports: less protein, zinc and vitamin B12, high sodium; more fibre, less saturated fat, comparable iron. Type: peer-reviewed (narrative review). Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRB-22. Zhang, Q. et al. (2023). Nutritional assessment of plant-based meat products available on Hong Kong market: a cross-sectional survey. Nutrients 15(17): 3684. Supports: 274 PBM vs 151 meat products; PBM lower in energy, fat, saturated fat, protein and salt; most medium to high in fat and sugar by front-of-pack criteria. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRB-23. Lynch, J. and Pierrehumbert, R. (2019). Climate impacts of cultured meat and beef cattle. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 3: 5. Supports: cultured meat emissions mostly CO2 and cumulative; 'not prima facie climatically superior'; high-energy case about 90 EJ, 22.9% of 2015 world energy. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRB-24. Sinke, P. et al. (2023). Ex-ante life cycle assessment of commercial-scale cultivated meat production in 2030. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 28(3): 234 to 254. Correction 2023 (doi:10.1007/s11367-023-02183-9). Supports: with renewable energy, carbon footprint lower than beef and pork, comparable to chicken; much lower land use. Type: peer-reviewed. Type: peer-reviewed.
  • PRB-25. Executive Order 14081 of 12 September 2022. Advancing Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Innovation for a Sustainable, Safe, and Secure American Bioeconomy. Federal Register, 15 Sep 2022. Supports: US National Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Initiative; bioeconomy definition; USDA assessment of biotech for food and agriculture. Type: gov. Type: gov/statistics.
  • PRB-26. Global Times (2022). China maps out measures to develop $3.28 trillion bioeconomy by 2025. 10 May 2022. On the NDRC 14th Five-Year Plan for bioeconomy development. Supports: 22 trillion yuan bioeconomy output target by 2025; research on new food like artificial protein. Type: press (state-owned). Type: press.
  • PRB-27. FAO (2011). Major gains in efficiency of livestock systems needed. News release, 14 Dec 2011, on World Livestock 2011: Livestock in food security. Supports: meat consumption +73% and dairy +58% by 2050. Type: intergovernmental. Type: gov/statistics.

PRC: Prologue: international landscape (wave 10), v0.5 (32)

Nguồn được trích dẫn trong trang

Toàn bộ nguồn (Phụ lục T)

  1. MAC-04 USDA FAS GAIN. Vietnam: Oilseeds and Products Annual, report VM2026-0006 (Nguyen Linh). 15 Apr 2026